SOLVED

51. The term literacy refers to: a. the use of control processes in thinking and problem solving b. the skills involved in reading and writing c. the percentage of people in a group who can read at least at the 4th-grade level d. the ability to monitor and understand one’s own thoughts and thinking processes 52. Whole-language theorists focus on the concept of: a. metacognition b. emergent literacy c. logical inference d. cooperative learning 53. According to whole-language theory, the skills associated with oral and written language a. infancy b. the preschool years c. about 1st grade d. about 3rd grade 54. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the whole-language viewpoint about literacy? a. Children must learn to read correctly before they can learn to speak correctly. b. Children must learn to read short sentences before they can learn to read long sentences. c. Children can only learn to read when they are “ready” from a biological point of view. d. Early language skills like listening form the basis for later language skills like reading. 55. The essential idea encompassed by the term emergent literacy is that: a. language learning is best done in the home, rather than in school b. learning to read “emerges” when the child is “ready” to learn c. learning to read is an entirely different process than learning to speak d. language learning is a continuous and gradual process 56. Suppose that 7-year-old Anna is having trouble learning to read in school. Her teacher investigates how her family encourages reading, how her friends interact with her during play, and how she uses oral language to communicate. The teacher concludes that her reading will likely develop in its own time, and encourages Anna to continue to interact verbally. The teacher’s approach would be very compatible with which of the following points of view? a. the metacognitive viewpoint b. the whole-language viewpoint c. the preoperational viewpoint d. the formal operational viewpoint 57. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to contribute positively to the development of literacy? a. enrolling a child in a formal program of reading and writing in which they are drilled on correct techniques and rewarded when they succeed b. reading to children and talking with them about what was read c. having children play together and make up stories and plays d. allowing children a lot of pressure-free time to draw, even if their work is no more than scribbling on paper 5 The first tests of intelligence were developed in France by: a. Louis Terman and his colleagues b. Robert Sternberg c. Alfred Binet d. Jean Piaget 59. The original purpose for developing the first intelligence tests in the early part of the twentieth century was: a. to identify children who would not do well in school b. to provide a reason to discriminate against children from African descent c. to give the French government a means of selecting especially talented children for placement in state-funded educational programs for the gifted d. to study how physical health and intelligence were related 60. Suppose that Lucy is 6 years old and she is answers the same number of questions on an intelligence test as the average 8-year-old. Her mental age would be: a. 6 years b. 7 years c. 8 years d. none of the above, since there is not enough information given to determine it