SOLVED

11) In 2002, Daniel Kahneman was the first Ph.D. psychologist awarded the Nobel Prize for his role in pioneering the study of _________________. a. heuristics b. the hindsight bias c. the confirmation bias d. base rates 12) When we use the _______ heuristic, we compare a particular person and their behaviour to some model or prototype. a. attitude b. simulation c. availability d. representativeness 13) If we know that Ashley is 25 years old, outspoken on environmental and human rights issues, and presently on her way to an anti-nuclear weapons demonstration, we might come to the quick conclusion that she is also a feminist, because is many ways she shares similar interests. This mental shortcut demonstrates the a. attitude heuristic. b. simulation heuristic. c. availability heuristic. d. representativeness heuristic. 14) Judith is a third year undergraduate student, who lists her interests as computer, gaming, programming, and helping others. Based on this description, you might assume that Judith is more likely to be a computer science major than a psychology major. Your judgment is likely based on the ___________________ heuristic, but might be wrong due to the ___________________. a. availability; base rate fallacy b. representative; overconfidence bias c. availability; overconfidence bias d. representative; base rate fallacy 15) One reason that we are susceptible to the representativeness heuristic is that we a. mistake confidence for certainty. b. are fooled by information that comes to our mind most easily. c. fail to consider how probable an outcome is within the general population. d. overestimate our cognitive abilities and processes. 16) If we know that Ashley (a 25-year-old outspoken nuclear-weapons protester) is a feminist, we are likely to also guess she is a lawyer rather than a bank teller. However this ignores ________ because there are many more female bank tellers in the population. a. prior personal information b. personality factors c. the base rates d. Ashley’s relative education 17) By ignoring base-rate information, the representative heuristic suggests that we prefer a. inferential information over statistical information. b. descriptive information over inferential information. c. descriptive information over statistical information. d. statistical information over descriptive information. 18) If you polled some friends about the number of murders in Edmonton and other friends about the number of murders in the province of Alberta, you’d likely find that the average number of murders estimated for Edmonton is more than for the entire province. This impossible finding is best explained by the a. representativeness heuristic. b. availability heuristic. c. hindsight bias. d. confirmation bias. 19) People are more likely to fear AIDS than heart disease, even though heart disease is far more common. This example is created because of the a. representativeness heuristic. b. availability heuristic. c. hindsight bias. d. confirmation bias. 20) People are more likely to fear motor vehicle accidents than digestive cancer, even though digestive cancer is almost twice as common. This error is produced because of the a. representativeness heuristic. b. availability heuristic. c. hindsight bias. d. confirmation bias.