SOLVED

1) Which of the following statements about the administration of dextrose to the patient with a traumatic brain injury is TRUE? A) Hypoglycemia is associated with a poorer neurological outcome; if the blood glucose level is less than 60 mg/dl, administer 25 grams of dextrose. B) Hypoglycemia is inconsequential to neurological outcome; assessing the blood glucose level is not a priority. C) Hyperglycemia is associated with a poorer neurological outcome; never administer dextrose to a patient with traumatic brain injury. D) Hypoglycemia is associated with a poorer neurological outcome. All patients with suspected traumatic brain injury who have an altered mental status should receive 25 grams of dextrose intravenously. 2) You are caring for a 20-year-old skateboarder who crashed into a brick retaining wall at the bottom of a steep hill. He has blunt trauma to his face with nose deformity, loose teeth, and bleeding from the nose and mouth. Although you have answered him several times, he keeps repeating to you, “What happened? It seems like I’m having a bad day.” This is most indicative of which of the following? A) Aphasia B) Retrograde amnesia C) Decorticate disorientation D) Anterograde amnesia 3) Which of the following are the two most important prehospital considerations for head injury patients? A) Cervical spine immobilization and ventilation B) ICP monitoring and administering corticosteroids C) Ventilation and administering corticosteroids D) Ventilation and maintaining adequate blood pressure 4) Your patient states that he had a traumatic brain injury from a motorcycle collision three years ago. You notice that his gait is unsteady and his movements are a bit jerky. You suspect that he has damage to which of the following structures? A) Falx cerebri B) Reticular activating system C) Third cranial nerve D) Cerebellum 5) Which of the following is NOT a component of the Glasgow Coma Scale? A) Eye opening B) Motor ability C) Pupillary reaction D) Verbal response 6) Which of the following is the largest element of the nervous system? A) Cerebellum B) Pons C) Medulla oblongata D) Cerebrum 7) Which of the following Glasgow Coma Scale scores indicates serious brain injury? A) < 3 B) Between 12 and 15 C) < 8 D) < 15 8) The cerebral perfusion pressure is represented by which of the following equations? A) CPP = MAP – CVP B) CPP = CVP – ICP C) CPP = MAP – ICP D) CPP = ICP – MAP 9) Which of the following mechanisms causes indirect brain injury? A) Coup/contrecoup injuries B) Systemic hypotension combined with increasing intracranial pressure C) Cushing’s reflex D) Acceleration/deceleration forces without a direct blow to the cranium 10) Which of the following best describes consensual reactivity of the pupils? A) It is a pathological phenomenon. When a penlight is shone into one eye, both pupils constrict. B) It is a normal phenomenon. When a penlight is shone into one eye, only that pupil will constrict, while the other pupil is unaffected. C) It is a normal phenomenon. When a penlight is shone into one eye, both pupils constrict. D) It is a pathological phenomenon. When a penlight is shone into one eye, only that pupil constricts, while the other pupil is unaffected. 1