SOLVED

11) A major problem with common sense proverbs is that they often coexist with their complete opposite. This violates which principle of critical thinking? a. Replicability b. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence c. Parsimony/Occam’s razor d. Falsifiability 12) You could tell one friend that “haste makes waste,” and tell another friend that they should “strike while the iron is hot.” That both claims sound reasonable would appear to violate the critical thinking principle of a. Replicability b. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence c. Parsimony/Occam’s razor d. Falsifiability 13) Modern psychology is best considered to be a a. series of contradictions to be sorted out. b. science. c. collection of pieces of folk wisdom. d. therapeutic process. 14) Members of the scientific community believe that psychology is best considered to be a a. science. b. weak science. c. hard science d. soft science. 15) The tendency to look for supportive evidence rather than actively seeking out contradictory evidence is known as a. the availability heuristic. b. the hindsight bias. c. the confirmation bias. d. belief perseverance. 16) Suppose Dr. Fish has a theory that says you cannot live without two working eyes. To demonstrate this is true, Dr. Fish brings to you hundreds of living people, each of whom has two working eyes. This demonstrates the a. the availability heuristic. b. the hindsight bias. c. the confirmation bias. d. belief perseverance. 17) Douglas believes that females are more polite and respectful than males. He easily recalls examples of this and constantly points out situations to others that support this belief. However, he often ignores evidence to the contrary. Douglas’s belief about gender differences in socially appropriate behaviour is maintained through a. the representativeness heuristic. b. the confirmation bias. c. belief perseverance. d. the hindsight bias. 18) Police interrogators often assume that persons brought in for questioning have important knowledge about the crime in question. If this leads an interrogator to ask questions that assume the guilt of a particular individual rather than asking questions that would exonerate him or her, ________ may occur. a. belief perseverance b. the availability heuristic c. confirmation bias d. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic 19) In Alice in Wonderland, the Cheshire Cat tells Alice that “most everyone’s mad here. I’m mad, you’re mad.” And Alice protests, “But how do you know I’m mad?!” “Because,” says the Cat, “if you weren’t, you wouldn’t have come here.” So Alice begins to look for other examples of madness in the strange world, demonstrating a. belief perseverance. b. the availability heuristic. c. confirmation bias. d. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. 20) When people watch a debate, they often point out the internal contradictions, flaws in logic, and hypocrisy in positions they oppose while glossing over the same shortcomings for positions they support. This is an example of a. belief perseverance. b. the availability heuristic. c. healthy skepticism. d. confirmation bias.