SOLVED

21) Sara Pope conducted a study on religion. She developed a questionnaire and planned an accurate sample of 500 people. She ran off copies of her questionnaire and contacted people in the sample. Next, she interviewed the sample and carefully recorded all the information. She used various statistics to analyze the data and next interpreted her statistics to bring out their meaning. Lastly, she wrote up her findings and method into a paper, which she presented at professional meetings and sent to a scholarly journal for possible publication. Which step in the process of research did Sara skip? A) Collect data. B) Design study. C) Focus research question. D) Inform others. E) None of the above. 22) Rusty Spoon, a hospital administrator, heard a lot about gay men getting HIV and AIDS. He watched the male patients at his hospital admitted for AIDS. He thought they all looked like homosexuals as did almost all their male visitors. In reality, at his hospital, 60 percent of the HIV-positive male patients were heterosexual and 80 percent of their visitors were neighbours, co-workers, or immediate family members. He most clearly made which type of error? A) Selective observation B) Premature closure C) Overgeneralization D) Inattention E) None, he made no error 23) After it was all over, Susan Smith surveyed the 150 residents of her neighbourhood about their reactions to a three-week experimental trash-collection program. In the program, residents separated cans, paper, glass, and plastic for recycling. She also examined the percentage of trash in the neighbourhood that was properly sorted at the end of the three-week period. Her results were used to prepare a report for the municipal trash-collection department. Susan’s study is an example of A) basic research. B) evaluation research. C) exploratory research. D) qualitative research. E) cohort analysis. 24) In exploratory research, one does all of the following, EXCEPT A) become familiar with the basic facts, people, and concerns involved. B) develop a well-grounded mental picture of what is occurring. C) generate many ideas and develop tentative conjectures. D) determine the feasibility of doing additional research. E) test a theory or explanation. 25) Joe Foss studied gender differences in attitudes toward mathematics and science among 45 grade 1 students. Over the next 12 years, he studied the same 45 children when they were in grades 5, 8, and 12. This is what type of research? A) Case study research B) Cross-sectional research C) Time series research D) Panel study research E) Action-oriented research 26) In 2010, Professor Dennis Wrong decided to conduct a study of 1000 persons who were married in 1946 to 1948 and were still married. He believed that the social climate, returning veterans, and other changes around the end of World War II affected the decision to marry and what occurred in their first year of marriage. Most likely, he was conducting what type of study? A) Case study B) Panel C) Cohort D) Time series E) Cross-sectional 27) All of the following characterize Applied Research, EXCEPT which one? A) Doing research is usually part of a job assignment and sponsors/supervisors who are not professional researchers will judge/use the results. B) Success is based on whether sponsors/supervisors use the results in decision-making. C) The primary concern is with the internal logic and rigour of the research design, so a research study attempts to reach the absolute norms of scientific rigour and scholarship. D) The driving goal is to produce practical payoffs or uses of the results. E) Research problems one can explore are limited by the demands and interests of employers or sponsors. 28) A type of data-collection technique that most closely follows the logic and principles of natural science, in which researchers create situations and examine their effects on participants, is called A) content analysis. B) experimental research. C) survey research. D) field research. E) historical comparative research. 29) All of the following characterize basic research, EXCEPT which one? A) The main concern is with the internal logic and rigour of research design. B) The objective is to contribute to policy and/or program change. C) Success comes when results appear in a scholarly journal. D) Research problems and participants are selected with a great deal of freedom. E) The highest standards of scholarship are sought. 30) Existing statistics research A) is the examination of numerical information from government documents or official reports. B) is most frequently used for descriptive research. C) involves the location of previously collected information. D) allows a researcher to discover features in the content of large amounts of material that might otherwise go unnoticed. E) may be time consuming if the researcher does not carefully consider the meaning of what he or she finds.