SOLVED

61) Carmelo is giving a report to his graduate seminar on research on the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies. Which point would you be most likely to hear him make if you were in that seminar? a. Active confrontation of irrational thinking and the display of empathy are two important psychodynamic therapeutic techniques. b. Practising new, adaptive behaviours is more important than gaining insight into one’s unconscious conflicts. c. Unconscious motives clearly impact our daily behaviour in many different and important ways. d. Claims of repressed traumatic memories is a growing problem and there is strong research to support the validity of such claims. 62) The ultimate goal of humanistic therapy is for a person to a. gain insight and move forward in their seeking of their ultimate potential. b. change their maladaptive thoughts about themselves and their life circumstances. c. uncover the hidden motivations that impact their conscious thoughts and behaviours. d. change their maladaptive behaviours and reactions to challenging situations. 63) Flooding and other forms of exposure therapy are used to allow one’s fear to be a. inhibited. b. extinguished. c. challenged. d. exacerbated. 64) One reason that nearly any type of credible treatment may produce strong beneficial effects is that people hope it will and want it to work. This idea is referred to as a. the self-serving bias. b. regression to the mean. c. spontaneous remission. d. the placebo effect. 65) A major concern with using self-help books rather than seeking out professional guidance and assistance is that a. the claims made in most self-help books have never been scientifically tested. b. few clinicians would ever recommend such materials to their clients. c. self-help authors are just writing them to make money rather than help people. d. self-help books tend to challenge conventional wisdom and are more effective than seeing a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. 66) IQ is positively correlated with the ability to defend our beliefs but negatively correlated with the ability to consider alternative hypotheses. This tendency is most closely related to which decision-making bias? a. Hindsight bias b. Representativeness c. Availability bias d. Confirmation bias 67) The Mozart Effect—the supposed enhancement in intelligence after listening to classical music—was based upon a study of college students who showed significant improvement on a spatial reasoning task immediately after listening to Mozart for ten minutes. Parents who immediately rushed out to buy “Mozart Effect” CDs for their babies were likely unaware of which of the following features of research methods? a. External validity b. Internal validity c. Statistical significance d. Informed consent 68) Your Uncle Bob tells you that he has started past-life therapy in which a therapist helps him understand the trauma that occurred to him during a previous life. Should you be concerned? a. Yes, past-life therapy may result in both opportunity costs and direct harm. b. No, although it is likely that past-life therapy isn’t valid, it won’t cause any harm, and your uncle may benefit from the placebo effect. c. No, past-life therapy, like systematic desensitisation, has been found to be effective in treating anxiety related disorders. d. Yes, rebirthing therapy has been proven more effective than past-life therapy for anxiety related disorders. 69) Because we are cognitive misers, we sometimes rely on stereotypes to assess others. Yet our stereotypes are not always correct. This best illustrates which of the following themes from your textbook? a. Adaptive processes of simplification can sometimes be maladaptive. b. Our intuitions can help protect us against scientific error. c. Our intuitions are usually correct, but can occasionally deceive us. d. Contrary to popular belief, our memories are very poor. 70) Some therapists who work with children use anatomically detailed dolls to try to infer whether they’ve been sexually abused. If a child engages in sexualized doll play, the therapists infer that the child was sexually abused. These therapists are forgetting about a. the hindsight bias. b. the Hawthorne effect. c. Oberg’s dictum.