SOLVED

11) Which of the following statements reflects the main argument made by the British Associationists? a. Learning occurs by serendipity but provides a basis to understand the world and its linkages. b. After repeatedly opening cat food with a can opener, the cat runs into the kitchen every time the can opener is used. c. When we are talking on the phone with a friend, we also picture his or her face at the same time. d. Classical conditioning is only successful when conditioned stimuli have common associations for all people (e.g., a bell as a signal). 12) ______________ is a form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response. a. Operant conditioning b. Classical conditioning c. Instrumental conditioning d. Reinforcement conditioning 13) John has three cats, and has to give one of them (Garfield) a pill every day. He always opens up the pill bottle (which makes a popping sound) and removes one pill before giving it to Garfield, and follows this by giving him a treat as a reward. He also gives his two other cats (Milo and Otis) a treat at the same time so they do not feel left out. After awhile, John notices that when he opens up the pill bottle, Milo and Otis come running to him right away. In this example, the __________________ is the unconditioned stimulus. a. sound of the pill bottle opening b. pill-taking c. cats running out d. treat 14) John has three cats, and has to give one of them (Garfield) a pill every day. He always opens up the pill bottle (which makes a popping sound) and removes one pill before giving it to Garfield, and follows this by giving him a treat as a reward. He also gives his two other cats (Milo and Otis) a treat at the same time so they do not feel left out. After awhile, John notices that when he opens up the pill bottle, Milo and Otis come running to him right away. In this example, the __________________ is the conditioned stimulus. a. sound of the pill bottle opening b. pill-taking c. cats running out d. treat 15) John has three cats, and has to give one of them (Garfield) a pill every day. He always opens up the pill bottle (which makes a popping sound) and removes one pill before giving it to Garfield, and follows this by giving him a treat as a reward. He also gives his two other cats (Milo and Otis) a treat at the same time so they do not feel left out. After awhile, John notices that when he opens up the pill bottle, Milo and Otis come running to him right away. In this example, the __________________ is the conditioned response. a. sound of the pill bottle opening b. pill-taking c. cats running out d. treat 16) Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov’s analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as a. a digestive reflux. b. conditioned response. c. an unconditioned response. d. a voluntary response. 17) ________ was the first person to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning while studying the digestive process of dogs. a. John Watson b. Albert Bandura c. B. F. Skinner d. Ivan Pavlov 18) Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. memory linkage. d. adaptation. 19) Which of the following events most intrigued Pavlov and led to his discoveries? a. The dogs seemed to enjoy the food. b. The assistant salivated along with the dogs when the dogs started to eat. c. The dogs stopped salivating after seeing the assistant so many times. d. The dogs started to salivate when they saw Pavlov’s assistant and before they got the food. 20) Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food acted as a(n) a. unconditioned response. b. unconditioned stimulus. c. conditioned response. d. conditioned stimulus.