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41.According to the text’s discussion of immigration: a.the 1980s was the decade with the largest number of legal and illegal immigrants in U.S. history. b.the nation’s racial and ethnic composition is changing: European ethnic groups are becoming less numerous and soon most Americans will be ethnic or racial minorities. c.many immigrants hold jobs that few other Americans would accept. d.all of the above 42.Which of the following will become the U.S.’s largest minority group early in the 21st century? a.Non-Hispanic Whitesc.Asian Americans b.Hispanicsd.African Americans 43.An irrational fear of foreigners is referred to as: a.agoraphobia.c.xenophobia. b.claustrophobia.d.foreignophobia. 44.According to the text, which of the following is/are (an) illustration(s) of anti-immigrant sentiment in the U.S.? a.Polls show that a sizable majority of Americans support restrictions on immigration. b.A nationwide English only movement has led over 20 states to declare English their “official language.” c.A 1996 federal law barred all illegal immigrants and most legal immigrants who are not yet citizens from receiving Social Security and most forms of public assistance. d.all of the above 45.If you were a follower of sociologist William Julius Wilson, what would you believe is the key to understanding the plight of the ghetto poor? a.The key lies in two factors: deindustrialization and the exodus of the black middle class. b.The key lies in the fact that blacks are unable to maintain stable families. c.The key lies in the fact that blacks continue to show little interest in education. d.The key lies in the innate intellectual inferiority of blacks. 46.Which of the following is/are (a) reason(s) why many African Americans are moving from the North back to the South? a.the career opportunities are equivalent in the south, but the weather is warmer b.for better jobs, affordable housing, cleaner air, a more laid-back lifestyle c.to get away from relatives who are not providing good role models for their children d.all of the above 47.Which group is considered to be the most disadvantaged of all minority groups in the U.S.? a.Hispanicsb.Asian Americans b.African Americansd.Native Americans 48.According to the text, which of the following is/are among the common patterns found among the Hispanic population in the U.S.? a.Regardless of country of origin, they are Spanish-speaking. b.They return home often, because Latin America is geographically close to the U.S. c.They remain approximately 85% Catholic. d.all of the above 49.Which of the following groups has the highest percentage of college graduates, at almost 44%? a.non-Hispanic whitesc.African Americans b.Asian Americansd.Native Americans 50.According to the text’s discussion of the conflict in Northern Ireland: a.the conflict is a struggle for political and economic power between two ethnic groups that happen to be identified by their faiths. b.structurally, the situation resembles white-Indian relations in the U.S.: the minority group has been subjugated in its own land by foreign invaders. c.the tenacity and longevity of this conflict has few parallels worldwide. d.all of the above 51.According to the text, which of the following is/are (an) argument(s) put forth by opponents of affirmative action? a.Affirmative action is reverse discrimination. b.Affirmative action is demeaning to minorities and women; tantamount to saying they are incapable. c.Affirmative action can result in hiring marginally less qualified people. d.all of the above 52.If you were an advocate of affirmative action, to which of the following statements would you object? a.Affirmative action is reverse discrimination. b.Reverse discrimination, if it occurs at all, is very rare. c.Claiming that affirmative action is no longer necessary assumes that individual and direct institutional discrimination no longer exist in such areas as employment and housing. d.all of the above