SOLVED

41) Which of the following is not an example of cross-modal processing? a. The rubber hand illusion b. Transduction c. The McGurk effect d. Synesthesia 42) By presenting research participants with incomplete objects, psychologists have been able to see how the participants come to determine what they are viewing. This research suggests that our daily experiences are the result of a. both reality and illusions. b. only reality. c. only sensory information. d. only illusions. 43) The fact that our beliefs and expectations often influence our sensory experiences is an example of a. top-down processing. b. parallel processing. c. bottom-up processing. d. subliminal processing. 44) Juanita is holding her pet cat, Belle. The fact that she is getting information about Belle’s weight as she sits on Juanita’s lap, the sound of Belle’s purrs, and the sight of Belle’s eye movements all at the same time is an example of a. bottom-up processing. b. top-down processing. c. subliminal processing. d. parallel processing. 45) Stanton is taking chemistry with Ms. Neville and has heard many negative stories about her class from his friends. The fact that his beliefs about Ms. Neville affect his interpretation of his interactions with her during the school year is an example of a. subliminal processing. b. bottom-up processing. c. top-down processing. d. parallel processing. 46) ________________ is conceptually driven, whereas _______________ is stimulus-driven. a. Top-down processing; bottom-up processing b. Bottom-up processing; top-down processing c. Difference threshold; absolute threshold d. Absolute threshold; difference threshold 47) Matt is considering the purchase of subliminal self-help tapes to aid him in losing weight. His wife Marge is skeptical about this plan and asks your advice. Based on the evidence presented by your authors, what would you say about the effectiveness of subliminal self-help tapes? a. They are ineffective. b. They are highly effective, but only if you believe they’ll be effective. c. More research is needed to assess their effectiveness or ineffectiveness. d. They are effective. 48) Laverne goes to a movie theatre to watch her favourite movie. About halfway through the movie she becomes aware of an overpowering hunger for popcorn. What she doesn’t realize is that throughout the first part of the movie, a message saying, “Eat Popcorn!” was repeatedly flashed on the screen at a speed too fast for her to be consciously aware of it. If her desire for popcorn is due to that message, she is responding to a. selective perception. b. subliminal perception. c. cognitive restructuring. d. stroboscopic perception. 49) One problem with Vicary’s study of subliminal perception is that a. it demonstrated the validity of the concept of subliminal perception. b. it did not prove that people actually bought more colas and popcorn for several months after seeing the movie. c. it showed that subliminal stimuli had only very small effects on consumer patterns. d. it never happened. 50) Hannah does not allow her son Edward to listen to heavy metal music because she believes that this kind of music contains hidden messages that, when played backwards, influence people to do bad things like use drugs or hurt others. According to research on reversed subliminal messages, what would you tell Hannah if she asked you about hidden messages in music? a. Some musical groups use backmasking to insert messages into music to influence their listeners. b. Metal bands have bad messages inserted both forwards and backwards so both influence behaviour. c. Reversed messages are often illusory and have less of an impact than the minimal changes in behaviour associated with forward messages. d. While forward subliminal messages don’t appear to exert a large influence on behaviour, reversed messages can have dramatic effects and cause people to do things they otherwise would not.