SOLVED

121) Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again? a. If it is a primary reinforcer b. If it is a positive reinforcer c. If it is a negative reinforcer d. Regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur. 122) A behaviour is negatively reinforced when the consequence involves removing something ____________, and positively reinforced when the consequence involves presenting something ____________. a. pleasant; pleasant b. unpleasant; pleasant c. unpleasant; unpleasant d. pleasant; unpleasant 123) Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a. Cheyenne was a good girl at daycare so her mother does not make her help set the table for supper. b. Zane did not do his chores when he got home from school so his mother took away his video games. c. Devin was crying because he wanted a treat so his parents gave him a treat to stop his crying. d. Kennedy was teasing her brother so her mother gave her a spanking. 124) Beena is outside in the winter making a snowman, but forgot her gloves. Her hands get cold, so she runs home and puts her mittens on before going back outside to play. Beena’s behaviour is an example of a. positive reinforcement. b. response cost. c. punishment. d. negative reinforcement. 125) Which of the following is an example of punishment? a. Nicole yells at her boyfriend for trying to talk to her during a TV show when he wanted to get her attention, and he continues to try to talk to her. b. Russ takes allergy medications as soon as he arrives at his animal research lab as he has noticed that when he takes the pills, he doesn’t get red eyes and a runny nose. c. Shannon gives her friend some of her macaroni and cheese at lunch because she knows her friend is hungry and forgot her lunch. d. Rodney makes fun of a girl who signed up to play basketball on his team because she was not very good, and she stopped coming to the games. 126) Jason had a lot of trouble finishing a research paper, but worked really hard and got an A grade on the paper. This is an example of a. positive reinforcement. b. response cost. c. punishment. d. negative reinforcement. 127) Which of the following reinforcers would likely work best in motivating high school students to stay on task during class time? a. Smiley faces b. Lunch with the teacher c. Homework passes d. Lunch with the principal 128) Most preschool teachers are likely to favour the use of ________ over ________ in shaping students’ behaviours. a. punishment; negative reinforcement b. punishment; positive reinforcement c. negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement d. positive reinforcement; punishment 129) If parents handle discipline by employing mainly a punishment approach, which of the following can be assumed? a. Parents are interested in both eliminating bad behaviours and reinforcing good behaviours. b. Parents are interested in teaching appropriate behaviours to their children through positive reinforcement. c. Parents are interested in eliminating bad behaviours by presenting negative consequences after bad behaviour. d. Parents are interested in teaching appropriate behaviours to their children through negative reinforcement. 130) Which of the following statements is representative of general research on spanking and aggression? a. Increased spanking causes increased aggression in children. b. Increased spanking is associated with higher levels of aggression in children from countries where spanking is rare. c. Increased spanking is associated with higher levels of aggression in children from countries where spanking is common. d. Increased spanking causes decreased aggression in children.