SOLVED

31. In Piaget’s terms, the type of thought that is characteristic of children during the elementary school years is called: a. formal operational thought b. preoperational thought c. sensorimotor thought d. concrete operational thought 32. If all you know about Rashon is that he is a typical 6-year-old, you would guess that his thinking is undergoing a transition between which of Piaget’s stages? a. preoperational to concrete operational thought b. concrete operational to preoperational thought c. concrete operational to formal operational thought d. preoperational to formal operational thought 33.  If a 5-year-old girl watches an adult pour juice from a tall, thin glass into a short, wide glass, and then she is asked, “Which glass has more juice?” she would typically: a. conclude that either the short, wide glass has more juice or that the tall, thin glass has more juice b. conclude that since no juice was spilled, the glasses have the same amount of juice c. become very confused and ask to see the juice poured again and again d. not be able to answer the question because she would be confused about why the adult was asking such an obvious question 34. Suppose you line up two rows of marbles, each of which has 6 marbles in it. In Row A, the marbles are spaced closely together; in Row B, the marbles are spread out farther apart. If you asked a 5-year-old and an 8-year-old, “Which row has more marbles?” you should expect the 5-year-old to say __________ and the 8-year-old to say _____________. a. Row A; Row B b. Row B; Row A c. Row B; they are the same d. they are the same; they are the same 35. Which of the following changes is characteristic of the transition from Piaget’s preoperational stage into the stage of concrete operations? a. thinking becomes more egocentric b. thinking becomes more logical and less focused on perception of objects c. thinking becomes less reversible d. thinking becomes less focused on the future and more focused on the present 36. According to Piaget, what would be the best way to teach children in kindergarten about the mathematical concept of addition: a. Explain to them in words how addition problems should be solved and then ask them to explain back to you in their own words. b. Give them objects, such as blocks, to manipulate so they can see how moving blocks from one pile to another represents changes in number (e.g., addition). c. Read stories about math problems to them to enhance their motivation to learn mathematical concepts. d. There is no good way to teach children in the preoperational stage about mathematics because this topic requires the ability to understand reversibility, which develops later. 37. Addition and subtraction math problems rely on a child’s ability to understand which of the following Piagetian concepts? a. formal operations b. reversibility c. metacognition d. scripts 3 Piaget’s theory of cognitive development suggests that elementary school education should: a. allow children to discover principles by doing rather than by being shown b. spend more of the class day on math and science instruction and less on free play activities c. not be expected to learn mathematics or science until about the 3rd or 4th grade d. emphasize the use of verbal rewards such as praise in order to increase motivation for learning 39. Control processes are strategies and techniques that enhance __________. a. memory b. self-control c. empathy d. overall intelligence 40. Strategies, such as mental imagery and scripts, which elementary schoolchildren use to help them remember things are called: a. metacognition b. reconstructions c. reviews d. control processes