SOLVED

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 2-1) In studying the accuracy of eyewitness recall, Elizabeth Loftus (1975) used three sources of information in developing the idea to study the effects of misleading information on memory: 1) everyday experience and knowledge; 2) prior research findings; and 3) a. existing theories. b. governmental data. c. case studies from the Internet. d. mathematical modeling. 2-2) Dr. Tuttle decides to investigate the variable of violence in fan behavior following an ice hockey game. As a fan himself, Dr. Tuttle has seen many instances of such violence and is curious as to what triggers the aggressive behavior in fans. In this case, the source of the research idea appears to be based on a. prior research findings. b. existing theories. c. everyday experience and knowledge. d. none of the above 2-3) In relation to using everyday experience and knowledge in deriving ideas for research, __________ is defined as scanning the contents of memory for different categories of knowledge. a. empiricism b. brainstorming c. intuition d. hypothesizing 2.4) The textbook discusses using prior research findings in an effort to generate ideas for future research. In terms of science, what is the most typical use of such findings? a. Researchers will often replicate previous studies exactly to ensure accuracy. b. Researchers will often replicate part of an earlier study and add new variables to     study. c. Researchers will often ignore earlier research and design new studies that are entirely     different from previous research. d. Researchers will often accuse other researchers of unethical behavior and question the     truthfulness and validity of their results. 2-5) By examining organized laws or principles about a certain phenomenon, researchers often make use of __________ in generating ideas for future research. a. prior research findings b. existing theories c. everyday experience and knowledge d. none of the above 2-6) Cognitive psychologists often use the personal computer as a metaphor to understand how human beings process information from the outside world. If such a researcher wanted to test whether or not human memory operates like a “hard drive” in a computer, the researcher would be using __________ to generate ideas for future research. a. prior research findings. b. everyday experience and knowledge. c. existing theories. d. none of the above 2-7) Tom is reading a periodical wherein he finds many advertisements for personal hygiene products and food items. Chances are, Tom is reading a __________ source. a. scholarly b. general c. library d. published 2-8) Professor Brentwood does research in the area of clinical psychology and often publishes his results in the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Most likely, this source would be considered a __________ one. a. scholarly b. general d. popular e. secondary 2-9) In terms of scholarly sources, a __________ source refers to an original, firsthand statement or description, while a __________ source refers to someone’s interpretation of the original statement or description. a. primary; secondary b. primary; scholarly c. secondary; primary d. secondary; scholarly 2-10) A journal article that reports on the results of an original experiment would be considered a __________ source, while a book chapter that provides a summary of many different experiments would be classified as a __________ source. a. secondary; primary b. secondary; scholarly c. primary; secondary d. primary; scholarly 1