SOLVED

21.According to the text’s discussion of the stages of societal development and corresponding patterns of inequality: a.hunting and gathering societies have very little economic inequality. b.agrarian societies have very high levels of inequality with an enormous gap between the small privileged class and the masses. c.in postindustrial societies, there is some indication that economic inequality may increase, but emerging patterns remain unclear. d.all of the above 22.Which theory of social stratification explains differences in property, power and prestige as a direct consequence of individual differences in ability? a.Deficiency theoryc.the Davis-Moore thesis b.conflict theoryd.symbolic interactionist theory 23.Which of the following statements describes Spencer’s philosophy of “Social Darwinism?” a.Inequality motivates people to work hard, and it ensures that key statuses in society are occupied by highly capable people. b.Poor people are destined to lose in the social arena because of their inherent inferiority. c.Social classes actively compete against each other in a battle that will inevitably produce winners and losers. d.People in different classes receive different levels of reward as a result of the way society is organized. 24.Which theory of social stratification maintains that inequality motivates people to work hard and ensures that key statuses in society are occupied by highly capable people? a.deficiency theoryc.the Davis-Moore thesis b.conflict theoryd.symbolic interactionist theory 25.According to the text’s discussion of deficiency theories: a.if deficiency theorists are right, then helping the disadvantaged is a waste of money. b.if deficiency theorists are wrong, then abandoning programs like Head Start, as they recommend, would amount to kicking people who are down, due to no fault of their own. c.these theories are a classic example of blaming the victim. d.all of the above 26.If you were a proponent of the Davis-Moore thesis, you would agree that: a.equality is dysfunctional for society. b.world inequality results from the activities of global multinationals. c.the most valuable positions must yield sufficient rewards to attract the talent necessary to fill them. d.all of the above 27.According to the text, which of the following is/are (a) reasonable criticism(s) of the Davis- Moore thesis? a.The logic of the theory is challenged by the fact that ascriptive factors such as race and gender substantially limit access to elite positions, even for highly talented people. b.There are serious questions about which positions ought to be highly rewarded. c.The thesis ignores the role that power plays in determining how well various occupations will be rewarded. d.all of the above 28.Karl Marx believed that stratification originated: a.in the inherent inequalities in individual talents and abilities. b.in the fact that not all people have the intelligence and capabilities to fill important roles which are richly rewarded. c.at the point in social development when people began to develop a class consciousness. d.in the struggle to control the economic surplus that accumulated when society moved beyond a subsistence economy. 29.In Marx’s analysis, another name for the capitalist class is the: a.privileged.c.proletariat. b.aristocracy.d.bourgeoisie. 30.In Marx’s analysis, another name for the working class is the: a.privileged.c.proletariat. b.aristocracy.d.bourgeoisie.