81) The acronym SLUDGE helps identify the effects of ________ drugs on the autonomic nervous system. A) Sympathomimetic B) Sympatholytic C) Parasympathomimetic D) Parasympatholytic 82) The study of the basic processes that determine the duration and intensity of a drug’s effect and how those drugs are absorbed, distributed, biotransformed, and eliminated is called: A) Pharmacodynamics B) Drug profiling C) Polypharmacy D) Pharmacokinetics 83) Treatment of poisoning emergencies may generally consist of any of the following methods, EXCEPT: A) Hemodialysis B) Alkalinizing the urine with sodium bicarbonate C) Administering acid solutions to neutralize alkalis in the stomach D) Emptying the stomach 84) An important distinction between analgesics and anesthetics is: A) Anesthetics block all sensations B) Anesthetics can only be administered intravenously C) Analgesics produce unconsciousness in high doses D) Analgesics are reversible, whereas anesthetics are not 85) Your patient, a known alcoholic, has developed a cardiac dysrhythmia that you intend to treat with synchronized cardioversion. Because he is awake, you decide to administer diazepam to ease this experience. However, you find that to induce the desired state you must administer more than twice the normal dose of diazepam. This condition is known as: A) Cumulative effect B) Cross-tolerance C) Tachyphylaxis D) Idiosyncrasy 86) You are caring for an elderly female with suspected vertebral fracture secondary to osteoporosis. She frequently takes a hydrocodone-containing preparation (Vicoprofen) for pain. With her current injury, you find it necessary to administer a greater-than-expected dosage of morphine. Why is this higher dosage needed? A) Cross-tolerance B) Psychological dependency C) Potentiation D) Synergism 87) Which of the following medications is a loop diuretic? A) Furosemide (Lasix) B) Spironolactone (Aldactone) C) Mannitol (Osmitrol) D) Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) 88) What two components of a drug’s profile are taken into consideration when determining what the therapeutic index will be? A) Half-life and lethal dose B) Effective dose and duration of action C) Lethal dose and effective dose D) Bioequivalence and half-life 89) Which of the following is most likely to affect elimination of a medication? A) Burns on more than 30 percent of the body surface area B) Metabolic alkalosis C) Renal disease D) Hemorrhage 90) Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of a loop diuretic? A) Orthostatic hypotension B) Hypokalemia C) Hypernatremia D) Reflex tachycardia