SOLVED

151) Tara has a gambling problem and continues to put money into her favourite slot machine for hours at a time. She whispers “big money big money!” to the machine hoping to get her big payoff. What schedule of reinforcement is influencing Tara’s behaviour? a. Fixed interval b. Fixed ratio c. Variable interval d. Variable ratio 152) It is most appropriate to use operant conditioning when a. teaching a child to swim. b. teaching a child to dive into a swimming. c. teaching a child to cross a busy street. d. teaching a child to read. 153) Which of the following describes the situation of chaining? a. Teaching a child to play tennis by providing reinforcement every time the child hits the ball over the net until he or she is able to play the complete game of tennis. b. Teaching a child to play tennis by providing reinforcement in steps for learning to serve, volley, and use the forehand and backhand until the child can play the complete game of tennis. c. Teaching a child to play tennis by reinforcing him or her for effort and then pulling away from reinforcement once the child is skilled enough to play the complete game of tennis. d. Teaching a child to play tennis by reinforcing him or her for effort and not performance until the child is confident enough to play the complete game of tennis. 154) Which of the following is true concerning operant conditioning principles? a. Chaining involves the shaping the behaviour by use of punishment and reinforcement. b. Fading involves gradually decreasing reinforcement for wanted behaviours. c. Shaping involves delivering punishment for unwanted behaviours. d. Chaining involves reinforcing behaviours that come closer to the target behaviour. 155) Which of the following terms represents the process of moving from a continuous reinforcement schedule to partial reinforcement schedule? a. Shaping b. Chunking c. Coding d. Fading 156) Which of the following is an example of the Premack principle? a. Allowing a child to have ice cream only if he/she eats his/her vegetables b. Allowing a child to have ice cream even if he/she does not eat the vegetables c. Allowing the child to have an extra ice cream cone if he/she dislikes the first cone d. Disallowing a child to have ice cream because he/she did not eat his/her vegetables 157) Allison is trying to teach her cat to use the toilet rather than the litter box to go to the bathroom. She initially moves the litter box into the bathroom, and gives her cat a treat when she uses it. Then she moves the litter box on top of the toilet, and gives her cat a treat when she uses it. Next, she uses a toilet insert that has litter in it but requires her cat to balance on the toilet seat to go to the bathroom. When her cat successfully does this, Allison gives her a treat. Allison is using which of the following processes of operant conditioning? a. Fading b. Shaping c. Chaining d. Scalloping 158) Sheldon is a psychology student and decides to conduct an experiment where he provides reinforcement to his pet rat every minute, independent of its behaviour. After several days of his experiment, Sheldon notices that his rat is engaging in strange behaviours such as turning around in circles repetitively. Which of the following is an explanation for what likely happened in Sheldon’s experiment? a. Negative reinforcement b. Positive reinforcement c. Shaping of successive approximations d. Superstitious conditioning 159) Token economies are reinforcement-based strategies that use points, tokens, and chips as ________ reinforcers. a. primary b. secondary c. neutral d. negative 160) A _____________________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch. a. primary b. secondary c. neutral d. negative