11. The offspring of a monohybrid testcross would have what possible genotype(s)? A. AA and Aa B. Aa and aa C. AA, Aa, and aa D. AA only E. aa only 12. What are alleles? A. genes for different traits, such as hair color or eye color B. alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes C. the locations of genes on a chromosome D. recessive forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes E. dominant forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes 13. If an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype, 4 of their 9 offspring show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of the first parent? A. AA B. Aa C. aa D. The answer cannot be determined from this information. 14. Which is NOT true according to Mendel’s law of segregation? A. Each individual contains two factors for each trait. B. One factor must be dominant and one factor recessive in each individual. C. Factors separate from each other during gamete formation. D. Each gamete contains one copy of each factor. E. Fertilization restores the presence of two factors. 15. Some plants fail to produce chlorophyll, and this trait appears to be recessive. Many plants also self-pollinate. If we locate a pea plant that is heterozygous for this trait, self-pollinate it and harvest seeds, what are the likely phenotypes of these seeds when they germinate? A. All will be green with chlorophyll since that is the dominant trait. B. All will be white and lack chlorophyll since this is self-pollinated. C. About one-half will be green and one-half white since that is the distribution of the genes in the parents. D. About one-fourth will be white and three-fourths green since it is similar to a monohybrid cross between heterozygotes. E. About one-fourth will be green and three-fourths white since it is similar to a monohybrid cross between heterozygotes. 16. The most common lethal genetic disease among Caucasians is A. neurofibromatosis. B. Tay-Sachs disease. C. phenylketonuria. D. albinism. E. cystic fibrosis. 17. The pedigree chart depicts the inheritance pattern of ____. Circles depict females and squares depict males. Colored shapes represent affected individuals (expressing a trait) and uncolored shapes are unaffected (do not express a trait). A. an autosomal recessive characteristic with both parents being heterozygous B. an autosomal dominant characteristic with both parents being homozygous dominant C. an autosomal recessive characteristic with both parents being homozygous recessive D. none. Â