SOLVED

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 11-1) Research designs that manipulate an independent variable and examine the change in behavior within a single subject over time are referred to as a. confounded designs. b. intrasubject designs. c. factorial designs. d. pilot studies. 11-2) Given that the data are kept separate in intrasubject research designs, data analysis often consists of a. advanced parametric and inferential analyses. b. various ANOVA models. c. multiple t tests with appropriate Bonferroni adjustments. d. the inspection of graphs. 11-3) In the late 1800s, during the early days of psychology, researchers would typically carry out their research by using a. large sample sizes, where subjects were assigned to multiple experimental conditions. b. correlational designs, where the data were analyzed using the Pearson r. c. small-N studies, where individual subjects were studied extensively. d. experimental designs that were analyzed through the use of ANOVA. 11-4) During the late 1800s, Ebbinghaus carried out some classic research dealing with learning and memory. In this research, he studied the memory of a. white rats, split evenly across the experimental conditions. b. young children, examining changes in memory as they grew older. c. elephants, given their reputation for having accurate memories. d. himself, noting his recall hours, days, and weeks later. 11-5) Thorndike’s use of the “Puzzle Box” allowed him to study a. the nature of learning within individual cats. b. the degree to which children could solve jigsaw puzzles within confined spaces. c. whether or not a young infant could learn to become afraid of a white rat. d. the behavior of groups of adolescents as the engaged in problem-solving tasks. 11-6) Professor Tomkins is conducting a study where he is having individual subjects lift pairs of small weights and determine which weight within a pair is heavier than the other. This research is similar to the work of the German scientist, Fechner, who was known for his work in a. physiology. b. psychophysics. c. clinical psychology. d. counseling. 11-7) Dr. Morgan is conducting a study based on one of his patients who suffered from a head injury in a construction accident. To assess the impact of the injury, Dr. Morgan studies his patient’s background and he conducts various tests and assessments. This type of a detailed analysis is referred to as a a. factorial design. b. large-N study. c. between-subjects design. d. case study. 11-8) In general, case studies tend to __________ extraneous variables, which makes the interpretation of results more difficult. a. lack control over b. eliminate c. triple the number of d. be free from 11-9) Professor Monahan is interested in the role of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain) in memory. To study this connection, she locates an individual who had sustained a head injury in the region of the hippocampus, and she investigates the degree of memory loss associated with the injury. It appears that Professor Monahan is carrying out a study a. using a between-subjects design. b. in cognitive neuroscience. c. in the area of psychophysics. d. using a large-N design. 11-10) In general, intrasubject designs a. contain more subjects than a large-N study. b. are more efficient in terms of cost and time needed to conduct the study. c. tend to rely on group means as a way of summarizing the effects of a treatment. d. contain in-depth assessments across a large sample size. 1