SOLVED

41) ________ is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the contribution made by variously socialized cultural groups to the phenomenon of crime. a. Culture conflict b. The ecological school c. Conduct norms d. Subcultural theory e. Strain theory 42) Some of the earliest writings on subcultures can be found in a study on gangs by ________. His research on Chicago gangs led to a typology of different types of gangs. a. Lloyd Ohlin b. Frederic Thrasher c. Gresham Sykes d. Edwin Sutherland e. Clifford Shaw 43) The definition of a criminal gang is found in Section ________ of the Criminal Code of Canada. a. 43 b. 414(1) c. 467.1(1) d. 219 e. 34 44) Social change, uneven development of culture, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus are said to produce ________. a. social pathology b. focal concerns c. culture conflict d. social disorganization e. conduct norms 45) Carol LaPrairie’s studies of crime on First Nations’ reserves in Canada are representative of what theoretical approach? a. Strain theory b. Criminology of place c. Subcultural theory d. Ecological theory e. Differential opportunity 46) ________ emphasizes the importance of geographic location and architectural features as they are associated with the prevalence of victimization. a. Social disorganization b. Criminology of place c. Opportunity structure d. Subcultural theory e. Ecological theory 47) Recognizing the importance of understanding the criminology of place, the ____________________ introduced to the Canadian market in the early 1980s a program of CPTED. a. Peel Regional Police Service b. London Police Service c. Ottawa-Carelton Police Service d. Waterloo Police Service e. Calgary Police Service 48) ________ provide(s) both legitimate and illegitimate paths to success. a. Focal concerns b. Differential association c. Opportunities d. Opportunity structures e. Innovation 49) Subcultural pathways to success are referred to as ________. a. legitimate opportunity structures b. ritualism c. strain theories d. subcultural theories e. illegitimate opportunity structures 50) Cloward and Ohlin used the term _____________ to describe pre-existing subcultural paths to success that are not approved of by the wider culture. a. conformity b. illegitimate opportunity structure c. ritualism d. retreat structures e. rebel opportunity paradigms