SOLVED

151) Phase 0 of cardiac cell depolarization in the fast potentials is characterized by rapid: A) Efflux of Na+ B) Influx of Na+ C) Efflux of Ca++ D) Influx of Ca++ 152) The term oxytocin means: A) Uterine contraction B) Rapid birth C) Uterine relaxation D) None of the above 153) You are caring for a 48-year-old patient with acute onset pulmonary edema secondary to an acute myocardial infarction. He has rales (crackles) in both lung fields and wheezes in the bronchial regions. His blood pressure is 160/90, his pulse is 112, and his ventilations are 32. Which of the following medications is indicated FIRST and why? A) Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) to vasodilate the coronary vessels to maximize myocardial oxygen supply B) Furosemide (Lasix) to achieve a diuresis and remove a portion of fluids from the intravascular space C) Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) to reduce preload and afterload to redistribute fluids to the periphery D) Morphine sulfate to decrease anxiety and reduce afterload 154) Which of the following medications will have the greatest impact on reducing stroke volume? A) Furosemide B) Dobutamine C) Dopamine D) Digoxin 155) Sildenafil (Viagra) achieves its therapeutic action in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by: A) Enhancing neuronal stimulation of the amygdala in the brain B) Stimulating parasympathetic receptors in the nerve fibers leading to the sexual organs C) Stimulating sympathetic receptors in the nerve fibers leading to the sexual organs D) Relaxing vascular smooth muscle, which increases blood flow to the corpus cavernosum 156) A prolonged deficiency of vitamin C may result in: A) Pernicious anemia B) Increased bleeding C) Kwashiorkor D) Scurvy 157) Which of the following statements about bronchial asthma is true? A) The nonselective sympathomimetics continue to be the most popular treatments for mild to moderate asthma attacks. B) Prednisolone and methylprednisolone should be reserved for only the most severe asthma attacks. C) People with bronchial asthma maintain symptom-free lifestyles with daily treatments of propranolol. D) Ipratropium (Atrovent) is often added to beta agonists to treat bronchospasm because it works through a different mechanism from beta agonists to relax bronchial smooth muscle. 158) Which of the following pharmacokinetic processes would be LEAST affected by the hypotensive state of a patient in cardiogenic shock? A) Absorption B) Distribution C) Biotransformation D) Elimination 159) If a drug were to block the nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, what symptomatic effect might this have on the patient? A) Inability to move voluntary and involuntary muscles B) Decrease in heart rate C) Increase in gastric motility D) Pupillary constriction 160) Which of the following best describes the cardiovascular effects of calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil (Calan) and diltiazem (Cardizem)? A) Increased peripheral vascular resistance, widened QRS, and increased afterload B) Increased heart rate and stroke volume, decreased afterload C) Decreased peripheral vascular resistance, widened QRS, and increased afterload D) Decreased automaticity and decreased AV node conductivity