SOLVED

21) In Pavlov’s “salivating dogs” studies, the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the a. unconditioned stimulus. b. unconditioned response. c. conditioned stimulus. d. conditioned response. 22) While on a cruiseship, Kevin became sick after eating a seafood dinner. His food poisoning coupled with sea sickness led to a terrible vacation and, consequently, Kevin shivers at the mere sight of cruiseships. Kevin’s behaviour illustrates the process of a. acquisition. b. discrimination. c. scapegoating. d. generalization. 23) Which of the following is true regarding schedules of reinforcement? a. Partial reinforcement allows for new behaviours to be learned more quickly as compared to continuous reinforcement. b. Continuous reinforcement schedules involve reinforcing behaviour based on fixed time interval schedules. c. Partial reinforcement of target behaviour leads to greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement. d. Continuous reinforcement of target behaviour leads to greater resistance to extinction than does partial reinforcement. 24) Which of the following describes the main difference between observational learning and operant conditioning? a. Observational learning uses mainly punishment to condition behaviour as compared to operant conditioning, which uses both reinforcement and punishment. b. Observational learning uses punishment and reinforcement of models to condition the behaviours of observers. c. Observational learning uses different schedules of punishment and reinforcement to condition behaviours as compared to operant conditioning. d. Observational learning uses mainly reinforcement to condition behaviour as compared to operant conditioning, which uses both reinforcement and punishment. 25) During lecture each day, a psychology professor may explain four main points he or she wishes the class to retain. However, most students do not think about the material again until the following class period two days later. The forgetting that occurs between classes is most likely the result of a. interference. b. bias. c. decay. d. suggestibility. 26) Schemas can help us navigate a complex world. Yet our schemas are not always correct. This best illustrates which of the following themes from your textbook? a. Our intuitions are usually correct, but can occasionally deceive us. b. Our intuitions can help protect us against scientific error. c. Adaptive processes of simplification can sometimes be maladaptive. d. Contrary to popular belief, our memories are very poor. 27) Language is a. a symbolic system of communication. b. a communication system that requires little implicit processing. c. a communication system that includes words, but not gestures. d. rarely ambiguous. 28) Your family dog is named “Happy.” Anytime your young child sees a dog, she calls out “Happy.” This is an example of a. overextension. b. comprehension before production. c. underextension. d. incorrect word meaning. 29) Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the relationship between brain size and intelligence? a. Higher brain volume causes higher intelligence test scores. b. Higher brain volume is unrelated to intelligence test scores. c. The higher the brain volume is, the lower the intelligence test scores. d. The higher the brain volume is, the higher the intelligence test scores. 30) Concerning intelligence and memory, which statement is TRUE? a. Intelligence test scores tend to be positively correlated with scores on short-term memory tests. b. Intelligence test scores tend to be unrelated to scores on short-term memory tests. c. Intelligence test scores tend to be inversely correlated with scores on short-term memory tests. d. Intelligence test scores tend to be negatively correlated with scores on short-term memory tests.