SOLVED

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1-1) If we attempt to gain knowledge through the use of careful and unbiased observation and analysis, we are making use of the system of a. tenacity. b. intuition. c. science. d. authority. 1-2) When a message is delivered repeatedly without any opposing information, people start believing that the message is valid. In terms of fixing beliefs, this tendency is referred to as a. tenacity. b. intuition. c. authority. d. rationalism. 1-3) Stuart tends to believe everything that his boss tells him, merely because he respects his boss and looks up to him. Stuart’s willingness to believe his boss might be influenced by __________ in relation to the process of fixing beliefs. a. tenacity b. authority c. intuition d. empiricism 1-4) Gabriella decides to sell her rare coin collection based on a “gut feeling” that the collection was going to lose value in the near future. Gabriella’s decision to sell the collection is based on her a. tenacity. b. authority. c. rationalism. d. intuition. 1-5) In terms of acquiring knowledge and beliefs, deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning are both examples of a. tenacity b. authority. c. rationalism. d. intuition. 1-6) Recall the case of “Clever Hans,” the horse that was reported to have the ability to solve mathematical problems. Investigators determined that if blinders were used during questioning, or if the questioner did not provide subtle bodily cues, Hans could no longer provide the correct answers. This type of systematic observation is a good example of using __________ as a process in fixing beliefs. a. empiricism b. authority c. intuition d. rationalism 1-7) Which element listed below is NOT considered to be a characteristic of science? a. Assuming lawfulness of events b. Applying control and being objective c. Being a self-correcting discipline d. Ability to answer all types of testable and untestable questions 1-8) The belief that processes in nature are chaotic and random would argue against which of the following characteristics of science? a. Applying control and being objective b. Being a self-correcting discipline c. Assuming lawfulness of events d. none of the above 1-9) In their research, scientists tend to focus on empirical questions, which can be answered a. through either direct or indirect systematic observation. b. by asking respected experts in a particular subject area. c. by relying on one’s “gut feeling” and personal knowledge of an area. d. through logical thinking and reasoning. 1-10) Dr. Morris is in the process of designing a series of experiments that will investigate the effects of a new drug on a rat’s memory for learning a maze. Because of his experience with this drug when he worked for a pharmaceutical company, Dr. Morris feels that he might be biased in his thinking and worries that this bias might unfairly influence the outcome of the study. Consequently, Dr. Morris is concerned about his a. inductive reasoning . b. objectivity. c. tenacity. d. direct assessment. 1