SOLVED

251. When an individual avoids breaking rules in order to avoid punishment or when one only follows rules when it will benefit his or her own needs, the individual is exhibiting characteristics of which level of moral reasoning? a. conventional b. preconventional c. postconventional d. cooperative 252. When you live up to what other people expect of you or see obeying laws as essential for maintaining a society, you are exhibiting characteristics of which level of moral reasoning? a. conventional b. preconventional c. postconventional d. cooperative 253. A person in __________ morality believes that laws should be upheld that protect the welfare of the majority unless these laws conflict with fundamental rights, such as life and liberty. a. conventional b. preconventional c. postconventional d. cooperative 254. Regarding an evaluation of Kohlberg’s theory and methods, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Kohlberg’s moral dilemmas do not tap issues teenagers face in everyday life. b. Kohlberg’s scoring system does not allow for cultural differences in which decisions are preferred. c. Research supports Kohlberg’s claim that the first four stages describe a universal developmental sequence. d. Development through his stages progresses faster than Kohlberg originally expected. 255. Kohlberg believed that giving people, including adolescents, __________ provides motivation for moral development. a. clear definitions and examples of rules b. clear expectations regarding their future behavior c. opportunities to think about moral issues d. examples of how the transgression of rules affected others 256. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the encouragement of moral development? a. Discussions in a supportive atmosphere with people who have different perspectives on issues helps individuals shift into higher levels of reasoning. b. Parents encourage higher levels of reasoning when they are warm, encourage children to express views, and involve children in decision-making. c. Highly competitive interactions with others have been shown to increase higher levels of moral reasoning. d. Conflicts with friends that do not become too heated promote moral development. 257. Parents encourage higher levels of moral reasoning when they a. are warm. b. encourage their children to express their views on issues. c. involve their children in decision-making. d. do all of these. 258. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding moral reasoning and moral behavior? a. Adolescents who have behavior problems show lower levels of moral reasoning. b. Higher levels of reasoning are associated with social competence and helpful social behavior. c. Moral reasoning accounts for only a modest amount of the variability in moral behavior. d. All of these statements are true. 259. Which of the following is FALSE regarding moral reasoning and moral behavior? a. It is possible for people to be helpful for an immature reason, such as following the rules. b. It is not possible for people to engage in antisocial behavior because of an ethical principle. c. Slippage between reasoning and behavior can occur because emotionally-relevant behavior is not usually the product of analytical thinking. d. Behavior is influenced by group norms, immediate circumstances, and religious, spiritual, and cultural traditions. 260. One’s behavior is influenced by a. group norms. b. immediate circumstances. c. religious, spiritual, and cultural traditions. d. all of these.