31) Which of the following is a cultural challenge of operating in the digital world? A) conducting videoconferences across different time zones B) aging populations in the United States and Western Europe C) differences in power distance and uncertainty avoidance D) availability of labor force and salary differences E) differences in academic degrees and measurement units 32) Which of the following is a geoeconomic challenge of operating in the digital world? A) differences in network infrastructures B) differences in the concept of time and life focus C) differences in measurement units D) differences in export and import regulations E) differences in languages 33) ________ refers to physical computer equipment, such as the computer monitor, central processing unit, or keyboard. A) Software B) Malware C) Data D) Hardware E) Telecommunication 34) ________ refer(s) to a program or set of programs that tell the computer to perform certain tasks. A) Software B) Telecommunication C) Hardware D) Data E) Networks 35) Which of the following statements is true about information systems (IS) and information technology (IT)? A) IS programs are more technical in nature than IT programs. B) IT programs have a stronger managerial focus than IS programs. C) Software and telecommunications are present in IS, but excluded from IT. D) The differences between IT and IS is increasing due to globalization. E) IT programs are more technical in nature, whereas IS programs have a stronger managerial focus. 36) Which of the following statements is true about data? A) It can be defined as a representation of reality. B) It is the ability to understand information. C) It has no meaning in and of itself. D) It is the ability to make decisions or predictions based on information. E) It organizes or manipulates information to make it suitable for a given task. 37) Which of the following statements is true about information? A) It has no meaning in and of itself. B) It organizes or manipulates knowledge to make it suitable for a given task. C) It is raw material—recorded, unformatted words and numbers. D) It is a representation of reality. E) It is the ability to make predictions based on data. 38) Which of the following IS personnel is responsible for the maintenance of information systems? A) a systems analyst B) a database administrator C) a programmer D) an IS security manager E) a systems consultant 39) Which of the following IS personnel is responsible for coding, testing, debugging, and installing programs? A) a programmer B) a systems consultant C) an IS manager D) a systems analyst E) an IS security manager 40) Which of the following IS personnel is responsible for strategic planning and IS use throughout a firm? A) the chief information officer B) the IS security manager C) the IS manager D) the Webmaster E) the IS auditor