SOLVED

11) In the absence of cutoff, how does a river meander loop behave over time? A) The gradient is raised as the loop lengthens, and the channel migrates toward the cut or inner bank of the loop. B) The gradient is raised as the loop shortens, and the channel migrates away from the cut or outer bank of the loop. C) The gradient is lowered as the channel lengthens and migrates toward the cut or outer bank of the loop. D) The gradient is lowered as the loop shortens, and the channel migrates toward the cut or inner bank of the loop. 12) A ________ stream pattern is developed only on growing mountains like volcanoes or where the land surface is tectonically doming upward. A) radial B) dendritic C) boreal D) trellis 13) A ________ stream pattern develops on lands underlain by tilted or folded, alternating hard and soft, sedimentary strata. A) dendritic B) radial C) trellis D) boreal 14) ________ is an abandoned, cutoff, meander loop. A) A builtrail B) An oxbow C) A cowhock D) A gatorback 15) ________ are characteristics of downcutting streams and a youthful stage of valley evolution. A) Rapids and lots of whitewater B) Wide floodplains C) U-shaped, cross-valley profiles D) Meandering channels and natural levees 16) Many larger rivers in the Colorado Plateau region meander in deep, narrow canyons and have no floodplains. How could this happen? A) Original, youthful streams continued to downcut as the land rose. B) Original, old age streams downcut as the land gradually rose. C) As sea level dropped, the original youthful streams matured into old-age streams. D) As sea level rose, the original, old age streams were rejuvenated. 17) A water gap is ________. A) a low sag between adjoining segments of a natural levee B) the narrow strip of land separating two meander loops C) a vertical-walled canyon resulting from very rapid stream downcutting D) a short segment of canyon formed where a river flows across the outcrop area of a resistant, ridge-forming rock layer 18) Which of the following is the only correct response concerning the location and causes of the extraordinarily severe, 1993, flooding on the Mississippi River and tributaries? A) lower basin; heavy rains in late spring and early summer B) upper basin; rapid melting of an unusually deep snow pack in early spring C) lower basin; very heavy, late summer rains associated with a severe hurricane D) upper basin; very heavy, sustained rainfall in the late spring and early summer 19) Which one of the following statements correctly describes how stream terraces can form? A) Base level drops; the stream aggrades its channel, and the former floodplain is left below the present elevation of the stream. B) A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream downcuts upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. C) Base level rises; the stream downcuts, and the old floodplain is left well above the elevation of the present-day channel. D) A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream aggrades its channel upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. 20) ________ are components of the hydrologic cycle that release water vapor directly to the atmosphere. A) Runoff and infiltration B) Evaporation and transpiration C) Precipitation and runoff D) Discharge and transportation