SOLVED

5-21) In research design, a critical source of confounding in an experiment occurs through the use of a. randomization. b. nonequivalent groups. c. controlling of extraneous variables. d. systematic variance produced by the independent variable. 5-22) In research design, what does the term “random” mean? a. An unplanned outcome of a research study b. An outcome that occurs by accident c. A process that occurs with no possibility of bias d. A process that occurs in a regular, systematic fashion 5-23) In between-subjects designs, the most common and simplest technique for creating equal groups is a. random assignment. b. matching. c. estimating. d. morphing. 5-24) Between-subjects (or independent-groups) designs where participants are randomly assigned to the different conditions of the independent variable are referred to as a. repeated-measures designs. b. correlated-groups designs. c. randomized groups designs. d. matched groups designs. 5-25) Dr. Constantine assigns his research subjects to different conditions by having each subject pick from a hat one of several conditions written on separate pieces of paper. This method of assigning subjects to conditions is known as the __________ technique. a. desensitization. b. double-blind placebo c. confounding d. simple random assignment 5-26) Professor Montando is carrying out a memory experiment where he assigns undergraduate research participants to one of four different study conditions: one condition where they receive 1 minute to study a word list, one with 2 minutes of study time, one with 4 minutes, and one with 10 minutes. He writes these conditions on four separate slips of paper, puts them in a hat and, as subjects arrive for the study, he picks out a slip of paper and assigns each subject to one of the four conditions until all four slips of paper have been selected. At this point, he puts all four slips back into the hat and repeats this procedure until all subjects have been assigned. This procedure is referred to as a. block random assignment. b. random selection. c. simple random assignment. d. stratified random assignment. 5-27) Helena is conducting a study for her research methods class. She creates three different versions of a word list to distribute to her undergraduate subjects. After creating the different lists, she shuffles them in a random fashion and then hands the lists, one at a time in the shuffled order, to participants as they enter the lab. This method of assigning subjects to different conditions of an experiment is known as the method of a. random selection. b. stratified random assignment. c. block random assignment. d. random distribution. 5-28) If a researcher is assigning subjects to different conditions of an experiment based on their responses to a pre-experimental questionnaire, the researcher is probably making use of the __________ method of equating groups. a. matching b. simple random assignment c. block random assignment d. randomized groups 5-29) Thelma is conducting a study on the political attitudes of college students. In an attempt to form equivalent experimental groups, Thelma randomly assigns the students to one of three different conditions, based on the students’ grade point averages. In this example, GPA represents the a. independent variable. b. dependent variable. c. matching variable. d. confounding variable. 5-30) In attempting to form equivalent experimental groups, Professor Rapay decides to examine only those subjects who are 21 years of age. One disadvantage of using this technique of matching is that it tends to limit the a. external validity of the study. b. federal grants that are available for the study. c. internal validity of the study. d. reliability of the study.