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41) ________ is applied to roads in wintertime so that the ice will melt at a lower temperature. A) Antifreeze B) Water C) Salt D) Sugar E) Oil 42) The vapor pressure of a solution is always        that of the pure solvent A) equal to B) twice C) one half D) higher than E) lower than 43) Determine the vapor pressure of a solution at 25°C that contains 76.6 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 250.0 mL of water. The vapor pressure of pure water at 25°C is 23.8 torr. A) 70.8 torr B) 72.9 torr C) 23.1 torr D) 22.9 torr E) 7.29 torr 44) Determine the vapor pressure of a solution at 25°C that contains 85.3 g of naphthalene (C10H8) in 540 g of benzene (C6H6). The vapor pressure of benzene at 25°C is 74.6 torr A) 74.6 toff. B) 68.0 torr. C) 54.9 torr. D) 7.52 torr. E) 22.4 toff. 45) Determine the freezing point depression of a solution that contains 30.7 g glycerin (C3H8O3, molar mass = 92.09 g/mol) in 376 mL of water. Some possibly useful constants for water are Kf = 1.86°C/m and Kb = 0.512°C/m. A) 0.887°C B) 1.65°C C) 2.18°C D) 3.33°C E) 0.654°C 46) Determine the freezing point of a solution that contains 78.8 g of naphthalene (C10H8, molar mass = 128.16 g/mol) dissolved in 722 mL of benzene (d = 0.877 g/mL). Pure benzene has a melting point of 5.50°C and a freezing point depression constant of 4.90°C/m. A) 4.76°C B) 4.17°C C) 0.74°C D) 1.33°C E) 1.68°C 47) Determine the freezing point of a solution that contains 62.8 g of urea (CH4N2O) dissolved in 275 g of water (Kf= 1.86°C/m). A) -7.07°C B) -4.82°C C) -13.1°C D) -3.01°C E) -9.12°C 48) Calculate the freezing point of a solution of 500.0 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) dissolved in 500.0 g of water. Kf = 1.86°C/m and Kb = 0.512°C/m. A) 30.0°C B) -30.0°C C) 8.32°C D) -8.32°C E) 70.2°C 49) Calculate the boiling point of a solution of 500.0 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) dissolved in 500.0 g of water. Kf = 1.86°C/m and Kb = 0.512°C/m. Use 100°C as the boiling point of water. A) 108°C B) 92°C C) 130°C D) 70°C E) 8.3°C 50) The boiling point elevation of an aqueous sucrose solution is found to be 0.39°C. What mass of sucrose (molar mass= 342.30 g/mol) would be needed to dissolve in 500.0 g of water? Kb (water) = 0.512°C/m. A) 261 g sucrose B) 528 g sucrose C) 762 g sucrose D) 223 g sucrose E

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