21) Which term refers to reducing the use of intermediaries? A) allocation B) facilitation C) routinization D) reintermediation E) disintermediation 22) Which of the following is most likely an example of a firm engaging in disintermediation? A) sorting products for suppliers B) selling products directly online C) reducing promotional activities D) scheduling product shipments E) replenishing inventory automatically 23) The greatest number of contact lines most likely involves manufacturers selling products ________. A) directly to retailers B) through one wholesaler C) directly to intermediaries D) through two wholesalers E) through three wholesalers 24) Which term refers to activities such as physically distributing products, engaging in after-sales service, and handling customer payments? A) segmentation B) disintermediation C) channel strategies D) channel functions E) supply chain management 25) Which channel function almost always moves forward from the producer to the consumer? A) negotiation B) promotion C) financing D) payment E) risk 26) Which channel function almost always moves up the channel from the end-user to the producer? A) negotiation B) ownership C) financing D) payment E) risk 27) All of the following channel functions can move either upward or downward in the marketing channel EXCEPT ________. A) information sharing B) negotiating C) financing D) risk taking E) ordering 28) Which of the following is most likely a true statement about channel functions? A) The order in which channel functions occur is the same for all industries and products. B) All channel members must participate in every channel function to have full efficiency. C) All channel functions move in a downward direction from the producer to the end-user. D) Specialization tends to reduce marketing channel efficiency because of increased members. E) The performance of certain channel functions correlates with other channel functions. 29) Which of the following is LEAST likely a carrying cost associated with a retailer taking title of a manufacturer’s products? A) storage B) breakage C) integration D) depreciation E) obsolescence 30) Which channel function most likely plays a role in all value-added activities of a marketing channel system? A) information sharing B) promotion C) negotiation D) payment E