151. The __________ approach analyzes individuals’ performances on standardized tests, including traditional IQ tests. a. information-processing b. psychometric c. cognitive learning d. academic-oriented. 152. The term __________ literally means “measuring the mind.†a. hypothetico-deductive b. psychometric c. dialectical d. metrical processing 153. A ___________ study is a study in which different age groups are tested at one point in time. a. longitudinal b. cross-sectional c. cross-sequential d. psychometric 154. ________reasoning is a type of reasoning in which people infer the general rule that underlies a set of specific examples. a. Inductive b. Deductive c. Divergent d. Practical 155. On an intelligence test when a person is asked to choose the number or letter that would logically come next in a series of numbers or letters is measuring ________reasoning. a. inductive b. deductive c. divergent d. practical 156. Cross-sectional data are misleading because they are based on a. the same cohorts. b. different cohorts. c. psychometric data. d. information processing data. 157. ________ are groups of people who were educated in different historical times. a. Cultural norm groups b. Comparative subjects c. Cohorts d. Contemporaries 158. Intelligence tests must be re-normed periodically because IQ scores increase over time, which is a well-known phenomenon called the _______ Effect. a. Cohort b. Flynn c. Hawthorne d. Schaie 159. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding psychometric research findings? a. Age trends on standardized tests differ depending upon how investigators compare ages. b. Cross-sectional data suggests that inductive reasoning scores are high in the mid 20s and then decline markedly. c. Longitudinal data suggest that inductive reasoning scores are stable until middle age and do not decline noticeably until 67 years of age. d. All of these statement are true. 160. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding psychometric research findings? a. Age trends on standardized tests differ depending upon how investigators compare ages. b. Longitudinal data suggests that inductive reasoning scores are high in the mid 20s and then decline markedly. c. Cross-sectional data suggest that inductive reasoning scores are stable until middle age and do not decline noticeably until 67 years of age. d. All of these statement are true. Cross-sectional data suggests that inductive reasoning scores are high in the mid 20s and then decline markedly. Longitudinal data suggest that inductive reasoning scores are stable until middle age and do not decline noticeable until 67 years of age.