SOLVED

111. Concrete operations children tend to think about ______, while formal operations individuals think about _______. a. ideas; things b. things; ideas c. hypotheses; possibilities d. possibilities; hypotheses 112. __________ is the ability to understand possible combinations and relations among variables. a. Formal propositional logic b. Concrete propositional logic c. Didactic-deductive reasoning d. Postformal-inductive reasoning 113. Bernado is helping his family plan their family vacation. He carefully calculates travel time, including stops for meals and sightseeing. He looks on the map at the various cities that they could reach each evening and wrote these down as possibilities for his mother to make hotel reservations. Bernado is exhibiting behaviors characteristic of which of Piaget’s cognitive stages? a. preformal b. formal operations c. concrete operations d. preconventional 114. Penny is presented with four numbered bottles, each containing a different colorless, odorless liquid. A fifth bottle holds another liquid labeled g. She is asked to determine which combination of liquids when combined with g will produce a yellow mixture. Penny combines Bottle 1 with g, then Bottle 2 with g, then Bottle 3 with g, and so forth. She then combines Bottles 1 and 2 and then combines it with g, then Bottles 1 and 3 with g and the mixture turns yellow. Penny’s steps in finding the solution illustrates a. formal propositional logic. b. concrete propositional logic. c. didactic-deductive reasoning. d. postformal-inductive reasoning. 115. Amanda is presented with four numbered bottles, each containing a different colorless, odorless liquid. A fifth bottle holds another liquid labeled g. She is asked to determine which combination of liquids when combined with g will produce a yellow mixture. Amanda combines Bottles 2 and 3 with g, then Bottle 1 with g, and then Bottles 1 and 2 with g, then Bottles 2 and 3 with g again, and then Bottles 1 and 3 with g and the mixture turns yellow. Amanda’s random combination of bottles illustrates that she is most likely in which of Piaget’s cognitive stages? a. formal operations b. concrete operations c. postformal d. preconventional 116. According to Piaget, the ability to think like a scientist by mentally generating educating guesses, making predictions about the outcome, and coordinating conclusions with the evidence is known as what type of reasoning? a. hypothetico-deductive reasoning b. concrete propositional logic c. didactic-convergent reasoning d. postformal-inductive thinking 117. Joanna is asked to solve the pendulum problem and figure out which factor(s) determine the number of swings the pendulum will make in a fixed amount of time. Joanna systematically sets up several experiments in which she will vary one factor at a time to see the effect on the “swing time.” Joanna is exhibiting ________ reasoning. a. preformal b. hypothetico-deductive c. concrete operations d. didactic-inductive 118. __________ thinking prompts adolescents to think about the world and themselves in new ways, such as thinking about their ideal rather than their real selves. a. Abstract b. Concrete propositional c. Didactic-convergent d. Transductive 119. Knowledge and awareness of one’s own cognitive processes is known as a. cognitive dissonance. b. concrete propositional logic. c. metacognition. d. transformational thinking. 120. The ability to think abstractly makes adolescents able to think about their own thinking, a process known as a. cognitive dissonance. b. concrete propositional logic. c. metacognition. d. transformational thinking.