SOLVED

21) To believe that everyone admitted to a mental institution is necessarily crazy (or they wouldn’t be there) demonstrates a. belief perseverance. b. the availability heuristic. c. healthy skepticism. d. confirmation bias. 22) To believe that a ragged-looking man with a shopping cart is necessarily impoverished demonstrates a. belief perseverance. b. the availability heuristic. c. healthy skepticism. d. confirmation bias. 23) According to your authors, ________ is the “mother of all biases.” a. the confirmation bias b. the availability heuristic c. belief perseverance d. the hindsight bias 24) Milo and Shirley are taking a trip on a cruise ship for their 20th wedding anniversary. They believe they made it to this milestone because they know each other so well. During the trip they take part in a game show where they find out they don’t know each other as well as they thought. However, they still maintain they are very much in tune with the other’s needs and thoughts. This is an example of a. the representativeness heuristic. b. the hindsight bias. c. belief perseverance. d. the availability heuristic. 25) Suppose a teacher hears from the principal at the start of the school year that an especially “weak” student will be admitted to their class. From September to October, the teacher indeed sees that this student struggles with assignments. In November, the principal states that the student admitted to the class was actually quite strong. But even after knowing this, the teacher still grades the student poorly. This is an example of a. the representativeness heuristic. b. the hindsight bias. c. belief perseverance. d. the availability heuristic. 26) Suppose you hear that Mr. Banker was arrested for stealing money; to your friends, you have few good things to say about Mr. Banker. But at the trial, the charges are shown to be false. However, you are still suspicious and wary of Mr. Banker. This is an example of a. the representativeness heuristic. b. the hindsight bias. c. belief perseverance. d. the availability heuristic. 27) Recall from your text that researchers gave students false feedback about their abilities to distinguish between false and real suicide notes. At the conclusion of the study, the researchers informed the students that their feedback was in no way related to their actual performance. However, on a subsequent task where the students had to estimate their performance on a similar task, they used this false feedback to guide their estimates. This is an example of a. belief perseverance. b. overconfidence. c. confirmation bias. d. the hindsight bias. 28) Pretend that you are a participant in a study on deception detection, and after several trials, the experimenter gives you feedback that you are a ‘wizard’ at detecting deception and score better than the average student. You are then asked to complete a few more trials of deception judgments. At the end of the study, the experimenter tells you that the feedback was bogus and your performance was average and around the same level as everyone else who has participated in the study. Despite this, you are still convinced that you were better at determining when people were lying better than other participants. In this example, you would be engaging in a. confirmation bias. b. disinterestedness. c. belief perseverance. d. the disconfirmation bias. 29) In science, a scientific theory is defined as a(n) a. personal understanding of natural laws. b. testable prediction about the natural world. c. explanatory device for scientific findings. d. educated opinion about the natural world. 30) Let’s suppose someone holds a door open for you and you wonder “do they have a crush on me?” So you start to observe their behaviour with others, to see if they hold others’ doors open or show courtesy and politeness in other circumstances. Your wonderment on the possibility of a crush is best thought of as a(n) a. theory. b. prediction. c. hypothesis. d. outcome.