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91 The idea that people learn by observing and being coached by “experts” stems most directly from the work of: a. Jean Piaget b. Lev Vygotsky c. Erik Erikson d. Sigmund Freud 92. According to Urie Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of development, the customs and traditions that are common to one’s culture would most likely be considered a part of that person’s ______. a. microsystem b. macrosystem c. mesosystem d. exosystem 93. According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, your family, friends, and classmates are part of your: a. exosystem b. macrosystem c. mesosystem d. microsystem 94. Sarah’s parents attend parent-teacher meetings, serve as volunteers for class field trips, and are members of the school board. Sarah’s progress at school is affected positively by her parents’ close involvement with the teachers. According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, these connections exemplify the: a. microsystem b. exosystem c. mesosystem d. macrosystem 95. Margaret argues that understanding human development is most like understanding botany, since in botany you need to learn about various systems, such as respiration, photosynthesis, energy production, and so forth. She states: “It is only by understanding how each system works that it is possible to understand the entire process.” Margaret’s view is most like that described in which theory of human development? a. the bioecological model b. operant conditioning c. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development d. Vygotsky’s view of social-cognitive development 96. Which model emphasizes that human development is a dynamic, interactive process that begins with an individual’s genetic endowment and unfolds over time as a result of interactions with various levels of the environment? a. natural selection b. psychosexual model c. guided participation approach d. bioecological model 97. Which of the following is a correct matching of theorist and theoretical perspective? a. Vygotsky – Psychodynamic view b. Erikson – Behavioral view c. Bronfenbrenner – Psychodynamic view d. Piaget – Cognitive view 98. Which of the following theorists viewed development as proceeding continuously, without dramatic shifts from one stage of development into another dissimilar stage? a. Jean Piaget b. Sigmund Freud c. Erik Erikson d. Lev Vygotsky 99. Which of the following theorists placed the greatest emphasis on unconscious experience as an important influence in development? a. Sigmund Freud b. Erik Erikson c. Jean Piaget d. Lev Vygotsky 100. Human development is studied from a scientific perspective, meaning that its methods of study are: a. objective b. important c. based on cases of individuals d. based on random samples of individuals

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