SOLVED

41) The individuals who were forerunners of modern psychology often had insights that were verified by later work. Which of the following is an accurate insight? A) Unhappy memories are repressed and then accurately recalled years later. B) People become sad because of their explanations of events, not because of the actual events. C) When children who have been physically abused become adults, they will be abusive toward their own children. D) Character traits can be determined when a trained specialist feels the bumps on a person’s skull. 42) Great thinkers throughout history have wanted to add to human knowledge and to increase happiness. Like today’s psychologists, they wanted to describe behaviour. Contemporary psychologists, however, approach these issues in a different way by relying heavily upon: A) empirical evidence. B) anecdotes from personal experience. C) philosophy. D) phrenology. 43) Ancient scholars, in contrast to modern psychologists, were more likely to explore human nature through: A) careful observation in naturalistic settings. B) experimentation. C) trained introspection. D) insights inferred from anecdotes. 44) A manuscript about human nature is discovered and scientists confirm that it is the work of an ancient scholar. In contrast to the writings of modern psychologists, this manuscript is more likely to explore human nature through: A) careful observation in naturalistic settings. B) experimentation. C) trained introspection. D) insights inferred from anecdotes. 45) The brain is the ultimate source of our pleasures and joys as well as our sorrows and pains. According to the text, this knowledge was evident as early as: A) 377 BC. B) 420 AD. C) 1011 AD. D) 1879 AD. 46) In the early 1800s, the theory of phrenology was developed by: A) Wilhelm Wundt. B) William James. C) Joseph Gall. D) Sigmund Freud. 47) The theory of phrenology was developed by: A) Hippocrates. B) Aristotle. C) Joseph Gall. D) William James 48) Andi claims that phrenology was a pseudoscience rather than a science. The best support for her opinion is the fact that the theory wasn’t empirically testable because: A) when phrenologists found large “stealing” bumps but the person was not a thief, they concluded that other bumps held this characteristic in check. B) most of the phrenologists received inadequate training in the careful analysis of head bumps and so there was too much variation for accurate prediction. C) the phrenologists relied heavily on the theories of the British naturalist Charles Darwin, and yet they could not link the bumps to evolutionary adaptation. D) when “bumps” did not accurately explain a person’s characteristics, the phrenologists explained the contradiction by hypothesizing traumatic childhood experiences. 49) Enthusiasm for ________ did not disappear until well into the twentieth century, even though it was a classic pseudoscience. A) introspection B) functionalism C) phrenology D) behaviourism 50) Psychology as a formal discipline originated: A) with the writings of John Locke. B) in the early 1800s. C) in the late 1800s. D) early in the twentieth century.