30) Research about Iranian immigrants’ understandings of Canadian sexuality, and their perceptions of Canada’s “sexual permissivenessâ€, utilizes which theoretical approach? a. conflict b. positivist c. postmodern d. interpretive e. structural Marxist 31) According to Foucault, although homosexual activities have always existed, homosexual identities only became possible with the development and acceptance of which concept? a. gender b. heterosexuality c. the self d. intimacy e. freedom 32) Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical perspective? a. the manner in which elite discourses govern sexuality b. the meaning of “the closet†to gays and lesbians c. Iranian immigrants’ understandings and perceptions of Canadian sexuality d. exotic dancers’ understandings of themselves and their jobs e. the nature/nurture debate in relation to homosexuality 33) The sexual culture of ancient Athens (5th century B. C.) was based upon a. religion. b. power. c. heterosexuality. d. the marital relationship. e. religion and the marital relationship. 34) Which of the following sexual activities was considered “deviant†in Athens in 5th century B. C.? a. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with their wives b. aristocratic adult males engaged in anal intercourse with aristocratic adolescent males c. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with slaves d. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with “foreigners†e. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with slaves or “foreigners†35) European explorers used which of the following terms as a derogatory reference to the biological males who assumed female roles in some Aboriginal cultures? a. nadleeh b. hwame c. alyha d. les femmes du pays e. berdache 36) Which of the following statements describes perceptions of European/Aboriginal relationships following the colonization of Canada? a. such relationships were considered unacceptable during the early years of colonization, but gradually became more accepted over time b. Métis women were initially perceived as more “acceptable†as wives for white men, but over time Aboriginal women came to be seen as more “acceptable†as wives c. such relationships were considered acceptable during the early years of colonization, but gradually came to be defined as unacceptable d. such relationships were rare among early European settlers of Canada e. such relationships were considered more acceptable following the development of agriculture than they were during the fur trade 37) The dominant meaning of sexuality has changed in North America from the 17th century to the 21st century. Which of the following lists consists of the correct chronological order of these changes in meaning? a. reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment; intimacy within marriage b. intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage c. intimacy within marriage; reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment d. reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment e. personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage 38) Which of the following characteristics was part of the sexual culture of the 17th century in Canada? a. the practice of black slavery was closely intertwined with the control of sexuality b. the social purity movement emerged c. the sex industry showed considerable growth d. self-control was the dominant theme in scientific contributions to sexual culture e. none of the above are characteristics of the sexual culture of the 17th century 39) In what ways was the sexuality of black people in Canada controlled within the dominant sexual culture of the 17th and 18th centuries? a. slave owners controlled which slaves were permitted to form intimate relationships with whom b. female slaves were valued for their reproductive capacities c. certain male slaves were selected as “studs†to impregnate female slaves d. laws prohibited free blacks from marrying outside their race e. the sexuality of black people in Canada during this era was controlled in all of the ways listed above