SOLVED

21)Which of the following is NOT usually possible in field research? A)Quasi-experimental design. B)Single-subjects design. C)Flexibility. D)Random assignment of participants. 22)According to Cook and Campbell (1979), one of the disadvantages of using experimental control to infer causation is A)that it requires difficult and elaborate equipment. B)that we do not always want to learn about causation in controlled settings. C)that we do not always want to generalize our findings. D)that it requires the use of elaborate statistical techniques. 23)If we conducted a highly controlled study that shows therapy X to be clearly superior to standard therapies Y and Z, what can we assume about the new therapy? A)Therapy X is superior under any and all conditions. B)Therapy X is superior under natural conditions. C)Therapy X is superior under laboratory conditions. D)Therapy X does not need field testing. 24)An example of an appropriate and meaningful use of field research would be to A)test the effectiveness of social programs. B)provide a heuristic function. C)employ graduate students. D)establish causality. 25)One of the major problems with social programs is that A)they are well-meaning but useless. B)their supporters are seldom committed to testing the program’s effectiveness. C)they are often unethical. D)they have nothing to offer psychology. 26)Psychologist Donald Campbell suggested that A)psychology should merge with sociology. B)psychology should stop using statistical analyses of data. C)developed countries should carry out social reforms in a controlled, experimental manner. D)research methods in psychology should not be concerned with external validity. 27)An important reason for conducting field experiments is A)to take advantage of the potential for greater generalizability of the results over time. B)to enhance the internal validity of the study. C)to enhance the construct validity of the study. D)to take advantage of the potential for greater generalizability of results to other conditions. 28)In doing research on a natural disaster, we would consider the natural event as A)the independent variable. B)an act of God. C)the dependent variable. D)something we can manipulate. 29)One of the problems in doing field research is that A)participants are not available. B)random assignment of participants to groups is often impossible. C)dependent measures cannot be taken. D)score data cannot be generated, and therefore, ANOVA cannot be used. 30)Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of generalization distinguished in the text? Generalization of the results A)from the participants in the study to the larger population. B)of the study over time. C)from one study to another. D)from the conditions of the study to other conditions (i.e., generalization to other settings). 31)Which type of generalization may be enhanced by carrying out research in naturalistic settings? A)Generalization of results from the participants in the study to the larger population. B)Generalization of the results of the study over time. C)Generalization of results from conditions of the study to other conditions (i.e. generalization to other settings). D)Generalization of the results from one researcher to another. 32)One of the goals of applied research is not only to understand phenomena, but to A)generate rival hypotheses. B)change the phenomena under study. C)impute causality. D)use the new understanding in some practical way. Â