SOLVED

21. Which of the following is NOT one of the arousal states of the infant described by Wolff (1966)? a. crying b. urinating c. drowsiness d. waking 22. In comparison to a newborn, a 4-month-old infant spends ____ time sleeping and ____ time in alert activity. a. less; more b. less; about the same amount of c. about the same amount of; less d. more; less 23. Habituation is a form of: a. walking b. learning c. sleeping d. sensing 2 While a carpenter was doing some remodeling in Kate’s kitchen, her infant son cried from the hammering noise at first, but stopped responding to the noise after he got used to it. The son’s response is best thought of as an example of: a. habituation b. shaping c. stimulus generalization d. symbolic representation 25. Many students study in a room with a TV on or an iPod playing, completely tuned out to the sound of the music and voices. However, if their favorite artist’s name is mentioned, their attention shifts from their reading to the TV or iPod. This phenomenon is best considered to be an example of the basic principles that underlie: a. classical conditioning b. telegraphic thought c. overextension d. habituation 26. What is the adaptive function of habituation? a. to associate the consequences of behavior with the responses they follow b. to enhance memory for new stimuli c. to ignore nonmeaningful stimuli d. to reduce anxiety in stressful situations 27. Suppose that an experiment involves having neonates listen to tape recordings of their own mothers reading a story to them while they are sucking on a pacifier. At one point, the mother’s voice is changed to the voice of a stranger. Researchers look to see if the sucking pattern changes when the voice change occurs. The method used in this study is best considered to be an example of: a. the classical conditioning method b. the correlational method c. the habituation method d. the method of overextension 28. The Neonatal Behavioral Observation system is used to assess which of the following? a. general health and adjustment to the environment b. intelligence of infants and very young children c. the degree of attachment an infant has with the caregiver d. they style of attachment an infant has with the caregiver 29. Which of the following is NOT evaluated on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale? a. response to stress b. quality of motor tone and activity level c. blood pressure and blood sugar d. capacity to habituate to external light and sound stimuli 30. Suppose that you observe 1000 young children, recording the age at which each is first able to pick up a rattle and shake it. You now compute an average age at which this developmental milestone is reached by the “typical” child. Your work would be most similar to the work that is summarized in which of the following? a. the Newborn Behavioral Observation system b. the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale c. the Visual Cliff norms d. the Gesell Scales