SOLVED

2-31) Typically, operational definitions are specified in a research report a. at the end, in a separate appendix. b. in the results, after the statistical analyses. c. in the introduction, before the hypotheses. d. as a footnote on the reference page. 2-32) Researchers use the __________ approach to determine if changes in an independent variable cause differences in a dependent variable. a. correlational b. descriptive c. survey d. experimental 2-33) Which of the following is not considered an essential criterion for making cause-effect conclusions? a. Covariation of variables b. Statistical significance of results c. Causal time sequence d. Elimination of other plausible causes 2-34) What is the primary distinction between experimental versus nonexperimental approaches to research? a. Nonexperimental approaches often lack at least one of the criteria for making causal     conclusions, while experimental approaches typically satisfy all three criteria. b. Experimental research often makes use of statistical analyses in drawing conclusions,     while nonexperimental studies always rely on correlational data analysis. c. Nonexperimental approaches are typically carried out in laboratory settings, while     experimental approaches tend to make use of naturalistic settings. d. Experimental studies tend to make use of animal subjects, while nonexperimental     research tends to make use of human subjects. 2-35) By randomly assigning subjects to different experimental conditions, researchers are striving to satisfy which of the three criteria for making cause-effect conclusions? a. Covariation of variables b. Causal time sequence c. Elimination of other plausible causes d. none of the above 2-36) It has been suggested that schizophrenics exhibit difficulty in visually tracking the movement of a swinging pendulum. To test this hypothesis, a researcher recruits a subject pool of 20 diagnosed schizophrenic patients and compares their eye-tracking behavior with that of a control group of 20 non-schizophrenic participants. Given this lack of random assignment of subjects to experimental groups, this study would best be characterized as a(n) a. experiment. b. quasi-experiment. c. correlational study. d. case study. 2-37) If a hypothesis states that, based on a self-report questionnaire, there is a strong, positive relationship between the amount of time spent studying for college exams and the grades received on the exams, the relevant research design is probably a(n) a. experiment. b. quasi-experiment. c. correlational study. d. case study. 2-38) Hypotheses in __________ research are often rather vague or even absent. a. experimental b. quasi-experimental c. correlational d. descriptive 2-39) In making decisions about what subjects to use in study, researchers often have to think about the __________, the entire set of cases to which one makes reference, and the __________, which is defined as a subset of the larger group. a. experimental group; control group b. control group; experimental group c. sample; population d. population; sample 2-40) Darlene works for a company that produces computer software. As a student of psychology, Darlene’s job is to conduct research to ensure that the software’s interface is clear and well-designed such that people can learn quickly to use the software. Most likely, this kind of work would be classified as __________ research. a. applied b. basic c. governmental d. descriptive