71)One shortcoming of laboratory observation is that: A)the presence of researchers and special equipment may cause subjects to act differently than they would in their natural surroundings. B)some subjects are given detailed instructions about how to behave, whereas others receive only vague instructions. C)the results often are inaccurate because many people have a distorted view of their own abilities and traits. D)teachers and parents do not usually question the results from a laboratory observation since the results are summarized in a single, precise-sounding number. 72)Procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits, emotional states, aptitudes, and values are called: A)field research. B)laboratory observations. C)control conditions. D)psychological tests. 73)Assessment instruments that are designed to tap unconscious feelings or motives are called: A)inventories. B)objective tests. C)alternate forms. D)projective tests. 74)Tessa agrees to an evaluation designed to tap her unconscious feelings and motives. Tessa will be given a/an: A)projective test. B)alternate form exam. C)inventory. D)objective test. 75)Assessment instruments that are designed to measure beliefs, feelings, or behaviours of which an individual is aware are called: A)inferential statistics. B)projective tests. C)norms. D)objective tests. 76)Harvey is being assessed in order to measure his beliefs and feelings regarding the next election. It is most likely that the assessment instrument will be a/an: A)projective test. B)norm. C)inferential statistic. D)objective test. 77)A researcher decides that a psychological test is the most efficient means of testing his hypothesis. A test would NOT be appropriate if the researcher wanted to: A)make a conclusion regarding cause and effect. B)promote self-understanding among his participants. C)draw generalizations about human behaviour. D)clarify the reactions of the same person at different stages of life. 78)One test of a good test is whether it is standardized, that is, whether: A)the test specifies the operations for observing and measuring the process being tested. B)uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test. C)the test yields consistent scores from one time and place to another time and place. D)the test specifies relationships between events or variables and yields an empirical evaluation. 79)When Haylee takes a personality test, the researcher gives her detailed instructions and plenty of time to complete it. But Tyler takes the same test and is given only vague instructions and a limited amount of time. This procedural difference shows a problem in regard to: A)reliability. B)validity. C)standardization. D)norms. 80)Hadley is told that the achievement test that he is taking is a standardized test. This means that: A)the test will be measuring what is it intended to measure. B)the score he receives is likely to be similar to the score he would receive at a later test session. C)similar scores occur when the test is given in a standard laboratory setting or in a naturalistic setting. D)uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test.