SOLVED

21.According to Durkheim, when people shared a collective consciousness, this produced and reflected the __________ that provided moral guidance and held society together. a.organic solidarityc.organic unity b.mechanical unityd.mechanical solidarity 22.An extreme form of countermodernization can be found in: a.Muslimization.c.Afghanization. b.Iranizationd.Islamization. 23.Updating Durkheim, Putnam identifies a decline in __________, which he identifies as features of social organization such as networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit. a.social capitalb.social bonds b.social resourcesd.social assets 24.Which of the following is/are (a) sign(s) of decline in social capital identified by Putnam in his update of Durkheim? a.Plummeting levels of trust in government b.Low voter turnout c.Reduced membership in unions d.all of the above 25.In attempting to apply his theory to the present, Marx did not foresee that: a.trust in government and large institutions would dramatically decline. b.modern society would become “McDonaldized.” c.anomie would increase to the highest levels in history. d.a huge new middle class of salaried white-collar workers would arise who are structurally proletariat, but who have accepted the worldview of the bourgeoisie. 26.In updating Marx’s theory, Dahrendorf’s key insight is that: a.Marxist class conflict is simply one example of a much more general type of conflict over what he terms authority relations. b.the true interests of the subordinate group are to preserve the present situation, and the true interests of the dominant group are to change the status quo. c.the process of collective bargaining will lead to the class revolution. d.relentless rationalization has become an iron cage. 27.In updating Weber, Ritzer argues that: a.modern societies have dramatically slowed the rationalization process. b.more assembly line work jobs are becoming more humanized and less robotic. c.modern societies are in the grip of an even more relentless rationalization process than Weber observed. d.Weber was wrong; modern societies are inherently individualistic. 28.The concept of the McDonaldization of society refers to: a.the proliferation of McDonald’s restaurants around the world. b.McDonald’s organizational principles are coming to dominate our society. c.the fact that, worldwide, bureaucracy is filled with red tape and inefficiency. d.the complexity and lack of predictability in modern society. 29.According to the text, McDonaldization: a.mandates efficiency. b.maximizes institutional control over workers and customers. c.emphasizes predictability. d.all of the above 30.Which of the following is/are (a) characteristic(s) of the less developed countries? a.per-capita incomes that are at or below the poverty level b.serious overpopulation problems c.high levels of illiteracy and unemployment d.all of the above