14.1 New Directions in Research Methodology 1)At what level of constraint do we study relationships among variables? A)Experimental. B)Differential. C)Naturalistic. D)At all levels of constraint. 2)Scientific research is A)a passive process of simply observing events. B)a passive process of allowing nature to evolve. C)an active process of simply observing natural events. D)an active process of asking and answering questions. 3)Research methods are A)static across time. B)changing. C)totally replaced by new methods every few years. D)defined by the researcher’s subjective beliefs. 4)Science continues to evolve in A)its findings, but not it methodology. B)its methods, but not its discoveries. C)the “hard sciences.” D)its methods and its discoveries. 5)It has become clear that A)genes contribute to schizophrenia. B)genes make no contribution to schizophrenia. C)genes are the sole cause of schizophrenia. D)genetic engineering provides the best treatment for schizophrenia. 6)Which statement is most accurate? A)Research methods evolve as questions are answered and new questions are raised. B)Research methods evolve quickly with rapidly changing questions. C)Research methods remain the same, although the questions change. D)Research methods evolve quickly to answer the same questions in new ways. 7)The disorder of schizophrenia  A)is caused by a single gene that changes the way adrenaline is produced in the body. B)appears to be psychologically caused, because no brain abnormalities have been found. C)is far more common in twins than in non-twins. D)has been the subject of much study, but there are still many questions about what causes it. 8)________ techniques refer to a group of statistical procedures that seek to identify underlying structures in nature. A)Meta-analysis B)Map scaling C)Quadrilateral analysis D)Multidimensional scaling 9)Statistical procedures used in MRIs and CAT scan are conceptually similar to  A)multidimensional scaling. B)taxometric searching. C)analysis of variance. D)descriptive statistics. 10)ANOVA is a  A)technique for moving participants from one condition to another. B)new technique introduced in the late 1990s. C)technique for data analysis. D)