11) A company’s ability to sustain market share and profitability for several years running is referred to by what term? A) differentiation B) personnel administration C) compensation practices D) competitive advantage 12) This term suggests that a loss is likely for the firm, and that the individual will be left with little control. A) reverse opportunity B) negative equity C) threat D) foreclosure 13) What strategy describes the use of benefit and compensation packages in order to support both HR and competitive strategies? A) worker welfare strategies B) total compensation strategies C) total quality management strategies D) worker satisfaction strategies 14) Ryanair uses one type of aircraft in its fleet and requires their passengers to carry their luggage to the plane. Ryanair’s decisions exemplify which of the following competitive strategies? A) differentiation strategy B) high quality strategy C) brand notoriety D) lowest-cost strategy 15) A company using this competitive strategy seeks to offer a product or service that is completely unique from other competitors in their market segment. A) differentiation strategy B) defender strategy C) prospector strategy D) lowest-cost strategy 16) Which of these actions would HR seek to encourage in attempting to create a lowest-cost competitive strategy? A) an employee’s long-term focus B) unpredictable employee behavior C) high concern for the quantity of output D) high concern for the quality of output 17) This group is directly involved in producing goods and delivering services for a company. A) staff employees B) line employees C) managers D) executives 18) This agreement describes the terms of employment that are set between management and union bargaining representatives. A) employee relationship agreement B) collective bargaining agreement C) joint employment agreement D) workplace requisite agreement 19) Sandra’s position changed from supervisor at the planning department to supervisor at the new projects department. In terms of career development, which of the following is more applicable to Sandra’s situation? A) maintaining focus with less responsibilities B) a lateral move across the company’s hierarchy C) moving upward through a company’s hierarchy D) maintaining the focus and assume greater responsibilities 20) Which of the following plans is considered a company sponsored program that provides income to workers throughout their retirement? A) pension plans B) severance plans C) loyalty plans D) longevity plans