SOLVED

11) What specific ethical guidelines must the historical–comparative researcher be mindful of when engaging in this type of research? 12) H-C research helps a researcher identify aspects of social life that are A) specific to a particular point in time. B) general across several units. C) hidden within a particular context. D) narrowly defined within a particular historical context. E) empirically specific to one unit of analysis. 13) Which of the following research questions is directly applicable to H-C research? A) How do recent changes in big cities like London, Toronto, New York, and Tokyo reveal the rise of a new urban global system? B) What was it like to live in a hamlet in a remote region of the Yukon during the Gold Rush days? C) What is the causal relationship between gender and occupational earnings? D) How do residents feel about recent episodes of vandalism in their neighbourhood? E) How do members of the Amish community in the Kitchener-Waterloo region engage in helping behaviour? 14) Which of the following statements is FALSE about historical–comparative research? A) H-C researchers are flexible and adjust their initial concepts. They question or focus based on what they find in the evidence. B) H-C researchers attempt to control bias that may arise from a point of view or perspective. They are totally neutral and objective. C) H-C researchers often use “grounded theory.” D) H-C researchers focus on sequence and process. They tend to see social reality as constructed over time. E) H-C researchers “translate” another culture or time period into terms that a reader can understand. 15) The pure historian and the H-C sociologist differ in terms of research strategies. The H-C sociologist is more likely to A) use primary evidence much more than secondary or other evidence. B) use a pure idiographic approach. C) use primary data to study details of a very specific place and time (e.g., what did slaveholders in Smallsville, Mississippi, do in 1842?). D) make some empirical generalizations and use limited theory. E) A and C. 16) Which one of the following features is common to both H-C research and field research? A) H-C approaches and field research try to discover universal laws about human social behaviour. B) Both perspectives share the view that people construct meaning within structures. C) Both approaches attempt to link the macro to micro levels of analysis of social reality. D) Both perspectives assume that social forces shape individual behaviour. E) Historical–comparative approaches and field research both remove the researcher’s perspective from the research process. 17) Which the following, according to positivists, is a weakness of H-C research? A) It helps researchers examine aspects of social life that are general across units. B) It raises new questions and stimulates theory. C) It exposes weaknesses in research design. D) It is often based on a small number of cases. E) It helps researchers develop concepts that are not specific to one culture or historical period. 18) Which of the following is a characteristic of a distinct H-C research method? A) It focuses on the macro-level only and excludes the micro-level. B) It tests hypotheses about precisely operationalized variables. C) It uses a deductive approach. D) It sees causality as contingent and uses combinational explanation. E) None of the above. 19) A common feature of H-C research is that it links the ________ view to ________ processes. A) objective, subjective B) theoretical, abstract C) deductive, inductive D) conceptual, theoretical E) micro-level, macro-level 20) Professor Regina Aniger is in an archive, gathering evidence on a group of elite male politicians and governors in the 1770s for a book she is writing on how political conflict shaped the West. She discovers that all the existing evidence and documents about them ignore the roles of commoners. What does this missing information refer to? A) Strangeness B) Primary data C) Synthesis D) Missing cases E) Silences