51) A common criticism of Adler, Freud, and Jung’s theories of personality development is a. they are filled with unfalsifiable claims. b. they overestimate the importance of the conscious mind in personality development. c. they underestimate the human capacity for engaging in selfish and destructive actions. d. they place too much importance on adolescence and not enough on early childhood experiences. 52) What perspective on personality development is most concerned with how one’s learning history influences who they later become? a. Behavioural b. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic c. Humanism-existential d. Trait 53) The role of one’s thought patterns in personality development was emphasized by a. classical conditioning theorists. b. operant conditioning theorists. c. humanistic theorists. d. social learning theorists. 54) A concern with personal goals and increased individual self-esteem is most characteristic of those from ________ cultures. a. collectivistic b. narcissistic c. selfish d. individualistic 55) According to the authors, the key criteria for evaluating personality assessments are a. objectivity and validity. b. reliability and objectivity. c. objectivity and reliability. d. reliability and validity. 56) Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her abnormal psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders. If you were a student in that class, what general category of disorders would you expect her to mention as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders? a. Dissociative disorders b. Personality disorders c. Schizophrenia d. Anxiety disorders 57) Major changes in sleep patterns, weight level, and feelings about one’s self-worth characterize a. social anxiety. b. schizophrenia. c. agoraphobia. d. major depressive disorder. 58) What specific psychological disorder is marked by cycles of extreme activity and inactivity? a. Major depressive disorder b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Catatonic schizophrenia d. Bipolar disorder 59) The research data suggest that schizophrenia results from a. difficulties in learning. b. poor mother–child relationships. c. troubles in filtering information from one’s social world. d. biological/genetic causes. 60) What category of psychological disorders is characterized by inflexible and maladaptive behavioural patterns? a. Dissociative disorders b. Anxiety disorders c. Personality disorders d. Schizophrenia