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11) A nonspontaneous reaction can be made to occur by coupling it with a spontaneous reaction to form an overall spontaneous reaction. 12) Nonspontaneous reactions and spontaneous reactions cannot be coupled. 13) A spontaneous process: A) will happen quickly. B) releases large amounts of energy. C) requires an external action in order to begin reacting. D) will continue on its own once begun. E) is never endothermic. 14) Find correct statements. I) A spontaneous process is a process that occurs in a system left to itself. II) A nonspontaneous process will not occur unless some external force is applied. III) If a reaction is spontaneous, the reverse is also spontaneous. IV) Only spontaneous processes occur naturally. V) Entropy is inversely proportional to the degree of randomness. A) I), II) and V) B) II), III), and IV) C) I), II), and IV) D) I), III) and IV) E) I), IV), and V) 15) Which of the following statements are true? I) Liquids have more entropy than their solids. II) Solutions have more entropy than the solids dissolved. III) Gases and their liquids have equal entropy. IV) Gases have less entropy than their solids. V) Entropy of a substance increases as its temperature increases. A) II), III), and V) B) I), III), and V) C) I), IV), and V) D) I), II), and V) E) II), IV) and V) 16) Which material has the largest entropy? A) cannot be determined B) pure water C) powdered sugar D) salt water E) crystalline salt 17) Which of the following processes would result in a decrease in system entropy? A) melting of an ice cube B) sublimation of a moth ball C) evaporation of a puddle of gasoline D) a glass of cool lemonade warming in the sun E) condensation of water vapor on a cold windshield 18) Which of the following has the highest entropy? A) 1 mole of liquid water at 30°C B) 1 mole of water vapor at 30°C C) 1 mole of regular ice at -10°C D) 1 mole of “dry ice” at -10°C E) 1 mole of water under 10 atm of pressure at -10°C 19) Choose the correct statements concerning entropy. I) As two gasses mix, ΔS is positive. II) Entropy is a thermodynamic property related to the degree of disorder. III) As temperature in a gas decreases, ΔS is positive. IV) Molecules in the liquid state have higher entropy than molecules in the gaseous state. A) I and III B) I, II, III C) I and II D) I, II, IV E) II and III 20) Indicate the statement(s) which are true for the process: Al+3(aq) + 3 OH-(aq) → Al(OH)3(s) if it occurs in a closed container. I) ΔS increases because the final molecule is more complicated. II) Entropy decreases because the product is in the solid phase. III) The two ions achieve a high degree of order as they crystalize, therefore ΔS is positive. IV) Entropy of the system is unchanged because the system is sealed and at a constant temperature. A) I and II B) I and III C) II only D) I, II, IV E) I and IV

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