SOLVED

91. Lindsay’s brain waves are being monitored as she performs a task that tends to produce errors, such as pressing left and right buttons quickly. When Lindsay knows that she has made an error and cannot change it, there is an abrupt shift in brain wave response called the ________. a. negative after-potential. b. error-related negativity. c. omission error. d. error-potential effect. 92. The size of one’s ________ is related to concern about one’s performance with anxious adults showing a larger response and people who are not as bothered by cheating or breaking the law showing a smaller response. a. negative after-potential b. error-related negativity c. omission error d. error-potential effect 93. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding adolescents’ responses to errors? a. Starting about 10 years of age for girls and 13 for boys, the size of the error-related negativity gradually increases. b. It is adaptive for younger children not to react much to mistakes. c. Adolescents achieve adult-like reactions to errors around age 17 or 18. d. All of these statements are true. 94. Which of the following is FALSE regarding adolescents and sleep? a. Changes in the brain during early adolescence actually alter their sleep-wake cycles. b. Unlike younger and older individuals, teenagers only need six to seven hours of sleep to feel well-rested. c. Being chronically sleepy contributes to poor school grades and depressive symptoms. d. Teens can get the sleep they need by sticking to a sleep schedule and avoiding stimulating activities near bedtime. 95. _______ is a hormone that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. a. Oxytocin b. Cortisol c. Melatonin d. Thyroxin 96. Experts now say that teenagers need at least ____ hours of sleep a night for optimal health and brain growth. a. six b. seven c. eight d. nine 97. Although experts say that teenagers need ___ hours of sleep, teens usually average ___ hours of sleep by age 19 years.  a. seven; nine b. nine; seven c. six; eight d. eight; ten 98. According to Carskadon, inadequate sleep   a. leads teens to view the world more negatively. b. increases the teens’ chances of illness and driving accidents. c. interferes with the teens’ ability to learn. d. causes all of these. 99. According to Carskadon, inadequate sleep causes all of the following symptoms in teenagers EXCEPT for  a. poor academic performance. b. physical illness and driving accidents. c. hyperactivity. d. depression. 100. Chronic sleepiness in adolescence is the result of   a. a change in the pattern of melatonin levels. b. parents being lenient about bedtimes. c. television sets and computers being in the teens’ bedrooms. d. all of these.