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161) Jamie’s father scoffs at him when he chooses to go into nursing as a profession, and says he is less of a man. According to Rogers, Jamie’s father is applying _______________ to his love and approval. a. conditions of worth b. his superego c. self-actualization d. reciprocal determinism 162) Which of the following personality theorists is associated with the development of the modern field of positive psychology? a. Alfred Adler b. Carl Rogers c. Abraham Maslow d. Walter Mischel 163) A key criticism of the humanistic perspective on personality is that it is a. overly optimistic about the basic goodness of human nature. b. missing a discussion on the influence of selfless motives in personality development. c. underestimating the influence of external factors in personality development. d. easy to falsify. 164) Which of the following statements is criticism that one might legitimately make about the humanistic perspective of personality? a. It paints too rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature. b. It is missing a discussion on the influence of selfless motives in personality development. c. It underestimates the influence of external factors in personality development. d. It is easy to falsify. 165) Ramon is a psychotherapist whose therapeutic orientation follows that of Maslow and Rogers. He readily has an explanation for why his depressed and anxious clients improve with treatment (“They have removed the conditions inhibiting a sense of worth from their lives”) as well as why some of his patients fail to improve with treatment—“Important people in his/her life continue to thwart the development of self-actualization.” A critical thinker would recognize that Ramon’s approach a. cannot be falsified. b. lacks extraordinary evidence for his extraordinary claims. c. reflects his own personal biases and therefore cannot be trusted. d. fails to rule out rival hypotheses. 166) What technique is used by trait theorists to reduce the diversity of traits to as few as three or five underlying traits? a. Factor analysis b. Illusory correlations c. Behavioural inconsistencies d. Lexical approach 167) ______________ is a statistical technique that analyzes the correlations among responses on personality inventories and other measures. a. Scatterplotting b. Meta-analysis c. Factor analysis d. Lexical approach 168) If you surveyed 100 trait theorists, you would expect to see many of them argue that personality is structured on ________ different dimensions. a. 5 b. 7 c. 2 d. 4 169) Research on the Big Five personality traits has suggested that individuals with ______________ are higher in extroversion and openness to experience, and lower in neuroticism. a. firm handshakes b. muscular physiques c. an internal locus of control d. advanced academic degrees 170) Which of the following is not one of the dimensions of the Big Five? a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Sociability