SOLVED

41) In an experiment, the observed effects on subjects’ behaviour resulting from experimenters manipulating suspected causal variables are called ________. A) independent variables B) codependent variables C) dependent variables D) reciprocal variables 42) In a study on alcohol and driving ability, half the subjects are given alcohol before driving an obstacle course, while the remaining subjects drive the course while remaining sober. In this study, those subjects who are given the alcohol before driving the course are called the ________ subjects. A) control B) placebo C) observation D) experimental 43) In a study on alcohol and driving ability, half the subjects are given alcohol before driving an obstacle course, while the remaining subjects drive the course while remaining sober. In this study, those subjects who drive the course while remaining sober are called the ________ subjects. A) control B) placebo C) observation D) experimental 44) Each of the following are examples of independent variables EXCEPT ________. A) outcome measures B) treatment factors C) types of treatment D) experimental manipulations 45) Each of the following is generally an example of a dependent variable EXCEPT ________. A) observations of behaviour B) physiological measures C) self-report variables D) treatment factors 46) The way in which scientists attempt to control for selection factors in experimental research is through the use of ________. A) experimental blinds B) placebos C) randomization D) selective selection 47) Randy is running a study on alcohol and aggressive behaviour. He randomly divides his subjects into two groups because he knows that if he allows his subjects to choose their own groups, aggressive subjects will tend to choose the group receiving alcohol, while nonaggressive subjects will tend to choose the group receiving no alcohol. He then would not be able to distinguish the effects of the alcohol from the effects of subjects’ innate aggressiveness. This tendency of his aggressive subjects to choose the alcohol group is called a(n) ________. A) placebo effect B) response set C) experimental blind D) selection factor 48) One way scientists control for subjects’ expectations in experimental research is by keeping subjects ________. A) blind to the procedure B) motivated C) distracted D) informed 49) One way scientists control for subjects’ expectations in experimental research is by using ________. A) selection factors B) independent variables C) dependent variables D) placebos 50) A substance that has no psychological or physical effect of its own, but appears to have an effect because of the beliefs of the people using it is called a(n) ________. A) initiative substance B) confounding factor C) placebo D) selection factor