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41) The public education system is an example of A) an income maintenance program. B) a negative income tax. C) an income maintenance program. D) a subsidized service. 42) State colleges are an example of A) income maintenance programs. B) Social Security. C) welfare programs. D) subsidized services. 43) Which of the following is an example of a subsidized service? A) Social Security payments to retirees B) Social Security payments to widows C) welfare payments to the unemployed D) Medicare reimbursements to hospitals 44) The income that measures a household’s earnings in the absence of government redistribution is called A) market income. B) real income. C) money income. D) cash income. 45) The income that includes a household’s earnings in addition to cash transfers from the government is called A) market income. B) real income. C) money income. D) cash income. 46) In the country of Wilkes, taxes are $5 million and benefits are $4 million. Income from labor is $25 million and income from capital is $15 million. What is market income? A) $20 million B) $39 million C) $40 million D) $9 million 47) Market income in the United States is distributed A) more unequally than income after taxes and benefits. B) less unequally than income after taxes and benefits. C) the same as income after taxes and benefits. D) according to a big tradeoff between equity and equality 48) The U.S. tax system at both the federal and state levels is ________. A) regressive B) proportional C) progressive D) negative 49) The U.S. tax system A) reduces inequality and shifts the Lorenz curve away from the line of equality. B) reduces inequality and shifts the Lorenz curve toward the line of equality. C) increases inequality and shifts the Lorenz curve toward the line of equality. D) increases inequality and shifts the Lorenz curve away from the line of equality. 50) Taxes and transfers in the United States A) shift the Lorenz curve inward. B) shift the Lorenz curve outward. C) cancel out so that the Lorenz curve does not shift. D) shift the Lorenz curve inward at low incomes, outward at high incomes. The table shows the distributions of market income and money income in the United States in 2007.

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