SOLVED

31) In science, an explanatory device for scientific findings is called a(n) a. scientific theory. b. scientific hypothesis. c. empirical theory. d. rational theory. 32) When a psychologist mentions the term scientific theory, he or she is referring to something that a. explains a single event. b. is no better an explanation than another person’s opinion. c. refers to an educated guess. d. explains a wide range of observations. 33) To explain a wide range of observations, a psychologist might make mention to a(n) a. rational hypothesis. b. empirical hypothesis. c. empirical theory. d. scientific theory. 34) If a psychologist were to develop a theory of cognitive development, he or she would want his or her theory to explain a ________ observations. a. substantial number of b. very few c. moderate number of d. small number of 35) A scientific theory is considered _____ if it explains a ________ number of observations. a. useful; large b. useful; small c. precise; large d. precise; small 36) Despite the fact that scientific research has found no support or basis for the belief of “the hot hand” in baseball, basketball, or golf, the idea still persists among athletes, sports commentators, and fans. This is a classic example of a. belief perseverance. b. scientific illiteracy. c. the hindsight bias. d. gullibility. 37) Which of the following categories involves claims that are always untestable (and therefore unfalsifiable)? a. Pseudoscience b. Metaphysics c. Science d. Both A and B are correct. 38) Unlike science and pseudoscience, metaphysics involves claims that are always a. unjustifiable. b. unfalsifiable. c. derived from rational thought. d. derived from empirical observation. 39) Who claimed that science and religion are entirely different and non-overlapping realms of understanding the world; so that science deals with testable claims about the natural world, whereas religion deals with untestable claims about moral values. a. Gould b. Popper c. Freud d. Skinner 40) Claims that involve the existence of God, the soul, or afterlife, reflect ______________ claims that are _____________. a. religious claims; replicable b. metaphysical; unfalsifiable c. pseudoscientific; correlations d. scientific; risky predictions