SOLVED

91) Suppose a researcher wants to see if those students who highlight their textbook as they read will perform better on the psychology midterm compared to those students who do not highlight. What is the dependent variable? a. Psychology midterm score b. Highlighting of text c. No highlighting of text d. Grade-point average 92) A medical doctor believes that the presence of aromatherapy will reduce the anxiety of first-time mothers-to-be during labour and will increase their reported satisfaction with their care at his hospital. He randomly assigns mothers to give birth in a room either with or without aromatherapy. What is the independent variable in this example? a. Room environment b. Number of previous birthing experiences c. Anxiety level during labour d. Satisfaction with hospital care 93) In an experiment, a researcher wants to avoid the presence of a. confounding variables. b. dependent variables. c. random assignment. d. independent variables. 94) Suppose children watch an adult display physical violence towards a blown-up clown doll in a room full of toys, followed by either a stern scolding or praise by another adult. The child is then left in the room of toys, and the researchers watch to see if the child models any of the aggressive behaviour. Children who witnessed the scolded adult don’t act aggressively, either because they did not learn the aggressive behaviour, or they learned that aggressive behaviour is punished. What is the confounding variable? a. Modelled behaviour vs. blocked learning b. Aggressive behaviour c. Whether the model was praised or punished d. Time left among the toys 95) Suppose children watch an adult display physical violence towards a blown-up clown doll in a room full of toys, followed by either a stern scolding or praise by another adult. The child is then left in the room of toys, and the researchers watch to see if the child models any of the aggressive behaviour. Children who witnessed the scolded adult don’t act aggressively, either because they did not learn the aggressive behaviour, or they learned that aggressive behaviour is punished. What is the independent variable? a. Modelled behaviour vs. blocked learning b. Aggressive behaviour c. Whether the model was praised or punished d. Time left among the toys 96) Suppose children watch an adult display physical violence towards a blown-up clown doll in a room full of toys, followed by either a stern scolding or praise by another adult. The child is then left in the room of toys, and the researchers watch to see if the child models any of the aggressive behaviour. Children who witnessed the scolded adult don’t act aggressively, either because they did not learn the aggressive behaviour, or they learned that aggressive behaviour is punished. What is the dependent variable? a. Modelled behaviour vs. blocked learning b. Aggressive behaviour c. Whether the model was praised or punished d. Time left among the toys. 97) Tanya is a therapist who sells subliminal message tapes to help people stop smoking. She designs a study where one group gets the subliminal messages on their tapes and the other group does not. She finds that both groups had about an equal success rate in quitting smoking after treatment. Which of the following explains her results? a. Nocebo effect b. Placebo effect c. Confounding variables d. Experimenter expectancy effect 98) One difficulty in conducting medical research is that participants often assume that any treatment will be effective in alleviating their symptoms. Therefore, a researcher has to design an experiment that measures the influence of a. the nocebo effect. b. the file drawer problem. c. the placebo effect. d. medical confounds. 99) The placebo and Rosenthal effects are examples of ________ in experimental research. a. dependent variables b. independent variables c. false variables d. confounding variables 100) Harm resulting from the mere expectation of harm refers to the a. expectancy effect b. hindsight effect c. placebo effect d. nocebo effect