SOLVED

1 A “discrete period of the lifespan during which predictable changes occur” is referred to as a: a. developmental stage b. transitional phase c. developmental epoch d. critical period 2. Which of the following statements is true regarding the corporal punishment of children? a. About 80% of parents spank their children at least occasionally. b. The use of corporal punishment has been banned in all public schools in the U.S., although private schools are allowed to determine their own rules for punishment c. Except for the U.S., no other industrialized countries have banned corporal punishment in the public schools. d. All of the three statements provided as answers in this question are true. 3. According to Freud, the part of the human mind that is concerned with following the rules of society and that may experience feelings of guilt when one violates social norms is called the: a. id b. ego c. superego d. libido 4. Which of the following statements comes closest to describing the principle central to Darwin’s idea of natural selection? a. Individuals within a species vary, and those with the best adapted characteristics survive to reproduce, thereby passing their genes to future generations. b. Nature selects the particular individuals that have the best characteristics and these individuals are allowed to interbreed with each other, thereby creating the strongest offspring. c. People prefer to mate with the most attractive members of the opposite sex, selecting their mates according to natural factors related to physical attractiveness. d. Humans evolved from the apes. 5. Lev Vygotsky’s views on human development can be best categorized as belonging to which of the following theoretical perspectives? a. biological b. evolutionary c. psychodynamic d. social-cognitive 6. The sequential-cohort design combines the longitudinal and cross-sectional designs by: a. testing several age groups at several different times b. testing a single individual in a number of situations c. matching people of different ages or cohorts on a number of relevant factors d. testing a different cohort each year of the sequence 7. Which of the following is the best example of what is meant by the term maturation? a. a first-grader who is learning to do arithmetic problems b. an infant who babbles “ga-ga-ga-ga” when she is content c. a college student who is working hard to learn to speak Spanish d. a mother who teaches her 2-year-old to control his temper by ignoring him when he has a tantrum 8. Two-year-old Katherine sees a goat for the first time, and calls it a cow because it has a. fixation b. re-classification c. accommodation d. assimilation 9. A researcher studies a group of 1-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and 7-year-olds for one day, and compares the different age groups in terms of their independence. What research design is the researcher using? a. longitudinal b. cross-sectional c. sequential-cohort d. age cohort 10. Suppose you collect data about child abuse and find that mothers who have their first child before age 18 are more likely to be abusive than mothers who are older. However, you also note that young mothers are also more likely to be poor and have less access to prenatal care. Therefore, you cannot draw conclusions about maternal age and child abuse. The reason you cannot draw this conclusion is because your study involved: a. a sequential-cohort design b. a nonrandom sample c. a nonrepresentative sample d. confounding